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. 2023 Feb 22;13(8):862–879. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2023.02.007

Fig. 5.

Fig. 5

Microglia-derived insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) induced astrocyte mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling activation. (A) Volcano plot shows the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (fold change > 2 or < −2, false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05) in astrocytes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) 7 days post-injury (dpi) group compared to sham group. (B) Volcano plot shows the DEGs (fold change > 2 or < −2, FDR < 0.05) in astrocytes of ICH 21 dpi group compared to sham group. (C) Short time-series expression miner (STEM) analysis showed the clusters of the gene expression pattern at each time point. (D) Venn plot shows the overlap between four gene lists. (E) Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) for upstream regulators. (F) Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) for canonical pathways. (G, H) Flow cytometric dot plot and histogram plot of astrocytes isolated from the ipsilateral hemisphere at 7 dpi. (I) Quantification of astrocyte cell surface antigen-2 (ACSA-2)+ cells. ∗P < 0.05 vs. ICH + vehicle group (n = 6/group). Sig: significant; EIF2: eukaryotic initiation factor 2B; TREM1: triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 1; fMLP: formyl peptide receptor 1; RAC: Rac family small guanosine triphosphate hydrolases (GTPase); IL: interleukin; HER-2: erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2; PKR: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 2; eIF4: eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E; HGF: hepatocyte growth factor; TNFR1: tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor superfamily member 1A; iNOS: nitric oxide synthase 2; HMGB1: high mobility group box 1; ARP-WASP: activator protein-Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein; HIF1α: hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha; NF-κB: nuclear factor kappa B; JAK/STAT: Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; ILK: integrin linked kinase; HIV1: human immunodeficiency virus type 1; PI3K: phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase; RIG1: antiviral innate immune response receptor; PTEN: phosphatase and tensin homolog; MIF: macrophage migration inhibitory factor; ERK: extracellular regulated protein kinases; AKT: protein kinase B; PEDF: serpin family F member 1; RANK: TNF receptor superfamily member 11a; CXCR4: C–X–C motif chemokine receptor 4; MSP: macrophage stimulating 1; RON: macrophage stimulating 1 receptor; NGF: nerve growth factor; PAK: P21 (RAC1) activated kinase; SSC-A: side scatter-area.