Fig. 6.

Microglial repopulation promoted tissue repair and improved long-term neurological function recovery. (A) Scheme of microglial repopulation and time points for examination. (B) Representative images of IgG immunostaining reflect blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability at 7 days post-injury (dpi). (C) Quantification of IgG⁺ area at 7 dpi. ^∗P < 0.05 vs. intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) + control diet group (n = 6/group). (D) Quantification of newly proliferated mature oligodendrocytes at 7 dpi. ^∗P < 0.05 vs. ICH + control diet group (n = 6/group). (E) Representative images of 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) and adenomatous polyposis coli protein (CC1) double immunostaining at 7 dpi. (F) Representative images of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) double immunostaining at 21 dpi. (G) Representative electron micrographs show myelin sheaths around the lesion at 21 dpi. (H) Quantification of MBP lesion area at 21 dpi. ^∗∗P < 0.01 vs. ICH + control diet group (n = 6/group). (I) Quantification of lesion area surrounded by GFAP⁺ cells at 21 dpi. ^∗P < 0.05 vs. ICH + control diet group (n = 6/group). (J) Correlation analysis between MBP lesion and GFAP⁺ lesion in ICH + control diet group: R² = 0.9958, P < 0.0001 and ICH + repopulating microglia (RM) group: R² = 0.9863, P < 0.0001. (K) Quantifications of the G-ratio at 21 dpi, G-ratio = d/D (d: inner axonal diameter; D: total outer diameter). ^∗∗∗P < 0.0001 vs. sham group, ^∗P < 0.05 vs. sham group, and ^#P < 0.01 vs. ICH + control diet group (n = 3/group). (L) Scatter plots of G-ratio against axon diameter. Behavioral tests: (M) adhesive removal test, time to contact; (N) adhesive removal test, time to remove; and (O) accelerated rotarod test, latency to fall. ^∗∗∗P < 0.001, ^∗∗P < 0.01, and ^∗P < 0.05: ICH + control diet group vs. sham group. ^###P < 0.001 and ^#P < 0.05: ICH + RM vs. sham group. ^&&P < 0.01 and ^&P < 0.05: ICH + RM group vs. ICH + control diet group (n = 8/group). h: hours; d: days.