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. 2023 Aug 30;621(7978):381–388. doi: 10.1038/s41586-023-06459-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — a, Tractography analysis of high-resolution, normative data from 178 participants from the HCP showing that tractography-defined LH–hippocampal area interconnections (that is, streamlines) converge in the dlHPC (yellow). b, Example traces of electrophysiological time-domain recordings from the dlHPC in one individual during a taste-neutral (left, cyan) and a sweet-fat (right, magenta) trial. The time interval displayed includes the pre-cue period (−0.5 to 0 s), cue presentation (0–1 s), fixation cross (1–3 s), solution delivery (3–5 s), fixation cross (5–6 s) and a portion of the remaining duration of solution receipt/consummatory phase (6–7.5 s). The detailed task paradigm is described in Supplementary Fig. 1. c, z-score-normalized difference spectrograms (sweet-fat minus taste-neutral solution) in the dlHPC. The colour bar indicates mean z-score power difference (using pooled channels as observations) between the two conditions compared with a null distribution. The outlined clusters (left) reflect significant contiguous time–frequency voxels (P < 0.05, two-sided paired nonparametric cluster-based permutation testing, 1,000 permutations, n = 34 channels) before correction for multiple comparisons. The thresholded map (right) displays significant time–frequency clusters after correction for multiple comparisons using cluster size (Methods). d, 4–6 Hz mean z-score power time traces during cue (0–1 s) and after cue anticipation (1–3 s) of sweet-fat (magenta) and taste-neutral (cyan) solutions in the dlHPC (top) and non-dlHPC (bottom) hippocampal sites. 0 s and 1 s reflect the cue and fixation cross image presentation times, respectively. e, Hippocampal coverage per participant (n = 9). The red contacts indicate the contacts in direct contact with the dlHPC (yellow subregion). 3D volumes were rendered using DSI Studio (v.2022; publicly available at https://dsi-studio.labsolver.org/).

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