Table 1.

Modelling methodology: values used for simulations

Subject	Age range (years)	FEV1 lung function decline (mL/year)a	Moderate/severe exacerbation rate/yearb	Months between exacerbationsb	Months between exacerbations therapy with ICS/LAMA/LABAc	Months between exacerbations therapy with LAMA/LABAc	FEV1 increase with ICS/LAMA/LABA at week 52 (mL)c	FEV1 increase with LAMA/LABA at week 52 (mL)c
General population (no known COPD and never/non-smokers)	25–75	29	–	–	–	–	–	–
COPD	40–49	40	0.5	24	44	32	94	40
COPD	50–57	63	1	12	22	16	94	40
COPD	58–67	58	2	6	11	8	94	40
COPD	68–75	35	3	4	7	5	94	40

COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, FEV₁ forced expiratory volume in 1 s, ICS inhaled corticosteroid, LABA long-acting beta₂-agonist, LAMA long-acting anti-muscarinic antagonist

^aBased on typical values and pattern of decline over time from the literature [2, 3, 9, 10, 14, 15, 30, 33, 36–55, 57]

^bBased on assumption of increasing annual exacerbation frequency from 0.5 to 3 with age; frequency assigned to correspond with typical lifetime exacerbation frequency [33]

^cAverage values for magnitude of ICS/LAMA/LABA and LAMA/LABA treatment effects were used, corresponding with those seen in the IMPACT study [33]