Table 2.
Studies exploring asthma or atopic wheeze
| Age at gut microbiota determination | α-diversity (respiratory disease vs no respiratory disease) | Relative abundance of bacteria taxa (or fungal taxa) in respiratory disease versus no respiratory disease | Age of participants at respiratory disease determination (outcome) | AHRQ rating | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fujimura et al (2016)29 | ≤1 month | Not reported | Lower Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Faecalibacterium, and Akkermansia; lower Malassezia; higher Candida and Rhodotorula | 4 years (high risk of asthma) | Poor |
| Stockholm et al (2018)32 | ≤1 month | No difference | No difference | 5 years (asthma) | Good |
| Arrieta et al (2015)27* | 3 months | No difference | Lower Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Rothia, Veillonella, and Peptostreptococcus | 1 year (atopic wheeze) | Poor |
| Boutin et al (2020)35* | 3 months | α-diversity decreased | Lower Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Coprococcus, Roseburia, Blautia, Parabacteroides, and Ruminococcus | 1 year (atopic wheeze) | Poor |
| Stiemmsa et al (2016)30* | 3 months | No difference | Lower Clostridiales and Lachnospira; higher Clostridium neonatale (species), Clostridiaceae (family), and Firmicutes (phylum) | 4 years (asthma) | Good |
| Arrieta et al (2018)31 | 3 months | No difference | Lower Bifidobacterium; higher Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Pichia kudriavzevii | 5 years (atopic wheeze) | Fair |
| Arrieta et al (2015)27* | 1 year | No difference | Lower Oscillospira | 1 year (atopic wheeze) | Poor |
| Stiemmsa et al (2016)30* | 1 year | No difference | Lower Clostridium neonatale; higher Lachnospiraceae and Rothia | 4 years (asthma) | Good |
| Stockholm et al (2018)32 | 1 year | No difference | Lower Roseburia, Alistipes, and Flavonifractor; higher Veillonella | 5 years (asthma) | Good |
| Patrick et al (2020)36* | 1 year | α-diversity decreased | Lower Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Ruminococcus bromii, and Rikenellaceae (family); higher Dialister | 5 years (asthma) | Good |
| Depner et al (2020)37 | 1 year | α-diversity decreased | Lower Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, and Ruminococcus | 6 years (non-atopic asthma) | Good |
*
Studies from the same cohort. AHRQ=Newcastle-Ottawa Quality assessment for cohort and case-control studies converted to the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality scale. One paper29 did not report results independently by time of stool sample collection, but the authors reported consistent decreases in relative abundance of certain bacteria genera in gut microbiota (Lachnobacterium, Lachnospira, and Dialister) at all timepoints examined (5 weeks, 3·3 months, 5·3 months, and 7·8 months) in children who developed asthma (parent-reported doctor diagnosis of asthma at age 6–11 years) compared with children who did not develop asthma.