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. 2023 Sep 13;6:935. doi: 10.1038/s42003-023-05263-6

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — 20 hACE2 transgenic mice were given omicron (B.1.1.529) infection and were allowed to recover. After 14 days mice were divided into 4 groups: Omi-Wuhan-Hu-1 (Omicron recovered-rechallenged with Wuhan-Hu-1 strain), Omi-B.1.617.2 (Omicron recovered-rechallenged with Delta variant), Omi-B.1.1.529 (Omicron recovered-rechallenged with Omicron variant), Omi-BA.5 (Omicron recovered-rechallenged with BA.5 sub-variant) and the severity of reinfection was studied and compared with the control infected or uninfected mice. a Scheme showing the experimental design for rechallenge study. b %age change in body mass of Omi-Wuhan-Hu-1 & Omi-B.1.617.2 mice and its (c) percentage survival as compared to the Wuhan-Hu-1 or B.1.617.2 infection alone. d, e Representative images of excised lungs showing regions of inflammation & pneumonitis (black arrow) and pathological score (f) viral load in the lungs and (g) relative levels of mRNA expression of il-6 gene in the lung samples from the same group. h–m Clinical changes observed in omi-B.1.1.529 and omi-BA.5 mice as compared to B.1.1.529 or BA.5 infection alone group. h %age changes in the body mass (i) percentage survival (j and k) representative images of the excised lungs and pathological score (l) viral laod (m) relative mRNA expression of il-6 from the lung samples. For all experiment n = 5. One way-Anova using non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test for multiple comparison. ns non-significant, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, ****P < 0.0001.