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. 2023 Sep 13;14:5669. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41434-z

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Principal component analysis depicting the tissue-derived recurrence risk group DMPs (High vs Low) and respective outcomes (Confirmed Recurrence vs. Confirmed No Recurrence) across (a) the tumor tissue cohort, (b) the original liquid biopsy serum cohort and an additional serum cohort of samples from patients with meningiomas. c Heatmap displaying methylation and expression levels of differentially methylated probes and differentially expressed target genes that are negatively correlated across high and low recurrence risk groups identified in an external molecular meningioma tissue dataset (Choudhury et al., 2022). *PGP Promoter-linked probe-gene pair. d Principal component analysis of liquid biopsy serum samples using the identified and concordantly methylated probe-gene pairs as input. PGP probe-target gene pair. e Scatter plot depicting serum-derived risk-specific probes that are also detected in meningioma tissue and respective target genes expression changes between high and low risk sample cohorts. PGP probe-target gene pair, Diff mean differential mean.