Table 9.

Heterogeneity of urban geographical location.

	(1)	(2)	(3)	(4)
	Southern	Northern	Southern	Northern
	GIP	GIP	GUP	GUP
ESER	0.0368	0.1116***	0.0799***	0.1368***
	(0.0303)	(0.0191)	(0.0271)	(0.0174)
Control variables	√	√	√	√
City fixed effects	√	√	√	√
Year fixed effects	√	√	√	√
N	2142	1778	2142	1778
R2	0.6108	0.5691	0.6692	0.7422

Note Standard errors are in parentheses, ***, **, and * indicate significance at the 1%, 5%, and 10% level, respectively.