Fig. 4. Mendelian Randomization results for healthcare costs for six biological risk factors in FinnGen (N=373,160).
Mendelian Randomization on six biological risk factors for 373,160 FinnGen participants using the two-sample, inverse variance weighted approach stratified by (a) service type, (b) sex, and (c) age. There was a significant difference between the medication costs associated with triglycerides compared to primary care costs (P = 1.09×10-4) and secondary care costs (P = 6.84×10-4). There was a significant difference between the medication costs associated with systolic blood pressure compared to primary care costs (P = 5.75×10-9) and secondary care costs (P = 2.29×10-9). There was a significant difference between the medication costs associated with waist circumference compared to primary care costs (P = 6.81×10−3). There was a significant difference in the total healthcare costs associated with systolic blood pressure for individuals older than 60 years old and individuals between 30 and 60 years old (P = 3.21×10−3). Two-sided p-values were calculated from the effect estimates and standard errors of the Mendelian Randomization model and adjusted for multiple hypothesis testing. Bars indicate 95% confidence interval. The *sign indicates significant differences between different levels of the stratification variable within the risk factor at the Bonferroni-corrected significance level (P < 8.33×10−3). SD is standard deviation. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.