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. 2023 Sep 13;13:15126. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42233-8

Table 2.

Snus use and smoking habits in relation to educational background among study subjects.

Total
N = 4706
Daily snus users
N = 784**
Daily smokers
N = 1172***
Mean age 19.4, SD ± 1.2 19.3, SD ± 0.7 19.5, SD ± 1.3
Educational levela,b
 Comprehensive school* 438 (9.3%) 71 (16%) 239 (55%)
 Vocational school 1925 (41%) 309 (16%) 661 (34%)
 Upper secondary education 2315 (49%) 349 (15%) 190 (8%)
Snus use Exclusive
 Daily user 784 (17%) 128 (11%)
 Occasional 864 (18%) 491 (42%)
 Former 286 (6%) 112 (10%)
 Never user 2726 (58%) 431 (37%)
Smoking Exclusive
 Daily smoker 1172 (25%) 128 (16%)
 Occasional 627 (13%) 229 (29%)
 Former 420 (9%) 159 (20%)
 Never smoker 2455 (52%) 264 (34%)

aThere was no correlation between educational level and snus use (linear-by-linear association test for trend p = 0.135). bThere was a strong correlation between educational level and smoking (linear-by-linear association test for trend p < 0.001). Data on dual use (snus and cigarettes) is shown by bolding. Never smoker/snus user is defined as having no history of regular use. Missing *n = 20, **n = 46, ***n = 32.