Figure 4.

Resistance toward drugs shown by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) bacteria have established different medication resistance mechanisms. When bacteria create enzymes that alter or destroy drugs, they lose effectiveness. Drug modification entails chemical changes to the drug’s molecule to prevent it from interacting with its target. Target modification describes genetic alterations that change the medicine’s target location, rendering it less vulnerable to the effects of the treatment. When the bacterium alters the drug’s target metabolic pathways or activities, it is said to have “targeted alteration.″ Proteins known as drug efflux pumps actively pump medicines out of bacterial cells to lower their intracellular concentration. The impenetrable cell wall of TB bacteria also increases medication resistance by preventing pharmaceuticals from entering the cell.