Table 4. List of the Targeted Gene of Antibiotic Conferring Drug Resistance According to the Resistance Mechanism.
| resistance mechanism | antibiotic | target gene |
|---|---|---|
| Drug target alteration | Rifampicin | rpoB(35) |
| Isoniazid | inhA(36) | |
| Ethambutol | embB(37) | |
| Ethionamide | inhA(36) | |
| Fluoroquinolone | gyrA/B(38) | |
| Streptomycin | rrs(39) | |
| rpsL(40) | ||
| Amikacin | rrs(39) | |
| Kanamycin | rrs(33) | |
| Capreomycin | Rrs(39) | |
| Cycloserine | alr(34) | |
| Bedaquiline | atpe(41) | |
| Linezolid | rplc(42) | |
| rrl(43) | ||
| Abolition of prodrug activation | Isoniazd | katG(44) |
| Pyrazinamide | pncA(45) | |
| Ethionamide | ethA(46) | |
| p-amino salicylic acid | folC(47) | |
| Delamanide/Pretomanid | ddn(48) | |
| fgd1 | ||
| fibA/B/C | ||
| Abolition of drug target methylation | Capremycin | tlyA(49) |
| Overexpression of drug target | Cycloserine | alr promotor34 |
| Isoniazid | inhA promotor36 | |
| Ethionamide | ||
| Drug responsible for inactivating enzyme overexpression | Kanamycin | eis promotor50 |
| Mmmp15 efflux pump overexpression | Bedaquiline | Promotor/ mmpR51 |
| Clofazimine | ||
| Bypassing of drugs | p-amino salicylic acid | thyA(47) |
| Drug target substrate overabundance | Cycloserine | ald(34) |