Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of included participants
| All-cause mortality | CVD mortality | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Total (n = 2834) | No (n = 2232) | Yes (n = 602) | P | No (n = 2,649) | Yes (n = 185) | P |
| NLR, Mean (S.E) | 2.15 (0.03) | 2.09 (0.03) | 2.44 (0.06) | < 0.001 | 2.14 (0.03) | 2.38 (0.07) | 0.003 |
| PLR, Mean (S.E) | 139.48 (1.58) | 137.43 (1.88) | 148.67 (3.06) | 0.003 | 139.22 (1.70) | 143.89 (3.85) | 0.297 |
| MLR, Mean (S.E) | 0.29 (0.00) | 0.28 (0.00) | 0.32 (0.01) | < 0.001 | 0.28 (0.00) | 0.33 (0.02) | 0.003 |
| SII, Mean (S.E) | 555.38 (7.60) | 537.15 (8.59) | 636.88 (15.10) | < 0.001 | 552.52 (8.04) | 604.40 (24.14) | 0.052 |
| SIRI, Mean (S.E) | 1.17 (0.02) | 1.12 (0.02) | 1.43 (0.05) | < 0.001 | 1.16 (0.02) | 1.44 (0.08) | < 0.001 |
| AISI, Mean (S.E) | 308.33 (5.29) | 292.31 (5.68) | 379.95 (12.77) | < 0.001 | 305.07 (5.40) | 364.16 (20.53) | 0.007 |
| Age, years, Mean (S.E) | 64.85 (0.27) | 63.31 (0.30) | 71.74 (0.44) | < 0.001 | 64.36 (0.29) | 73.16 (0.93) | < 0.001 |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Mexican American | 393 (4.54) | 331 (4.77) | 62 (3.53) | 371 (4.56) | 22 (4.18) | ||
| Non-Hispanic White | 1672 (81.37) | 1245 (80.34) | 427 (86.00) | 1539 (80.97) | 133 (88.30) | ||
| Non-Hispanic Black | 310 (4.89) | 240 (4.73) | 70 (5.61) | 290 (4.89) | 20 (4.82) | ||
| Other race including multi-racial | 459 (9.19) | 416 (10.16) | 43 (4.86) | 449 (9.57) | 10 (2.69) | ||
| Education Level, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.002 | |||||
| Less than 9th grade | 331 (5.54) | 251 (4.66) | 80 (9.46) | 306 (5.31) | 25 (9.37) | ||
| 9th-11th grade | 404 (11.03) | 283 (9.60) | 121 (17.44) | 365 (10.66) | 39 (17.41) | ||
| High school grade/GED or equivalent | 755 (28.06) | 578 (27.37) | 177 (31.18) | 702 (27.92) | 53 (30.50) | ||
| Some college or AA degree | 788 (29.05) | 643 (29.75) | 145 (25.94) | 744 (29.28) | 44 (25.14) | ||
| College graduate or above | 556 (26.31) | 477 (28.62) | 79 (15.98) | 532 (26.82) | 24 (17.58) | ||
| Marital status, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.020 | |||||
| Married | 1360 (54.63) | 1147 (58.13) | 213 (38.98) | 1293 (55.35) | 67 (42.27) | ||
| Never married | 147 (3.90) | 120 (3.85) | 27 (4.13) | 135 (3.83) | 12 (5.18) | ||
| Other (widowed, divorced, separated, living with partner) | 1327 (41.47) | 965 (38.02) | 362 (56.90) | 1221 (40.83) | 106 (52.55) | ||
| Family PIR, ratio, Mean (S.E) | 3.06 (0.05) | 3.19 (0.06) | 2.51 (0.07) | < 0.001 | 3.09 (0.06) | 2.63 (0.14) | 0.003 |
| Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in life, | 0.001 | 0.156 | |||||
| Yes | 1130 (42.38) | 842 (40.56) | 288 (50.51) | 1057 (42.68) | 73 (37.15) | ||
| No | 1704 (57.62) | 1390 (59.44) | 314 (49.49) | 1592 (57.32) | 112 (62.85) | ||
| MET, met*min, Mean (S.E) | 544.30 (25.20) | 565.48 (26.76) | 449.65 (64.33) | 0.094 | 547.60 (25.72) | 487.97 (83.85) | 0.484 |
| Direct HDL-C, mmol/L, Mean (S.E) | 1.60 (0.01) | 1.61 (0.01) | 1.57 (0.03) | 0.123 | 1.61 (0.01) | 1.53 (0.04) | 0.021 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL, Mean (S.E) | 210.12 (1.18) | 211.44 (1.24) | 204.22 (1.78) | < 0.001 | 210.46 (1.19) | 204.15 (3.15) | 0.047 |
| Glucose, serum, mmol/L, Mean (S.E) | 5.57 (0.04) | 5.53 (0.04) | 5.75 (0.07) | 0.006 | 5.56 (0.04) | 5.85 (0.11) | 0.010 |
| SBP, mmHg, Mean (S.E) | 129.38 (0.55) | 127.88 (0.62) | 136.08 (1.11) | < 0.001 | 128.99 (0.60) | 136.06 (1.92) | 0.001 |
| DBP, mmHg Mean (S.E) | 68.36 (0.45) | 69.28 (0.49) | 64.28 (0.72) | < 0.001 | 68.67 (0.46) | 63.13 (1.56) | < 0.001 |
| BMI, n (%) | 0.003 | 0.272 | |||||
| Normal\underweight | 1074 (41.54) | 803 (40.01) | 271 (48.38) | 988 (41.11) | 86 (48.93) | ||
| Overweight | 1021 (33.39) | 815 (33.88) | 206 (31.21) | 966 (33.69) | 55 (28.40) | ||
| Obese | 739 (25.07) | 614 (26.11) | 125 (20.41) | 695 (25.21) | 44 (22.66) | ||
| Central obesity, n (%) | 0.033 | 0.035 | |||||
| No | 2103 (74.93) | 1631 (74.04) | 472 (78.89) | 1954 (74.50) | 149 (82.18) | ||
| Yes | 731 (25.07) | 601 (25.96) | 130 (21.11) | 695 (25.50) | 36 (17.82) | ||
| Osteoporosis, n (%) | < 0.001 | 0.002 | |||||
| No | 2333 (84.19) | 1903 (86.77) | 430 (72.67) | 2199 (84.69) | 134 (75.71) | ||
| Yes | 501 (15.81) | 329 (13.23) | 172 (27.33) | 450 (15.31) | 51 (24.29) | ||
| Parents ever had fracture, n (%) | 0.512 | 0.728 | |||||
| No | 2470 (85.82) | 1954 (86.04) | 516 (84.84) | 2311 (85.88) | 159 (84.68) | ||
| Yes | 364 (14.18) | 278 (13.96) | 86 (15.16) | 338 (14.12) | 26 (15.32) | ||
| Doctor told you have diabetes, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 406 (10.04) | 293 (8.97) | 113 (14.84) | 363 (9.60) | 43 (17.70) | ||
| No | 2428 (89.96) | 1939 (91.03) | 489 (85.16) | 2286 (90.40) | 142 (82.30) | ||
| Family history of CVD, n (%) | 0.401 | 0.803 | |||||
| Yes | 454 (17.26) | 355 (16.93) | 99 (18.71) | 422 (17.21) | 32 (18.07) | ||
| No | 2380 (82.74) | 1877 (83.07) | 503 (81.29) | 2227 (82.79) | 153 (81.93) | ||
| History of CVD, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Yes | 440 (13.01) | 271 (9.85) | 169 (27.13) | 381 (11.97) | 59 (30.91) | ||
| No | 2394 (86.99) | 1961 (90.15) | 433 (72.87) | 2268 (88.03) | 126 (69.09) | ||
| Energy, kcal, Mean (S.E) | 1684.80 (19.94) | 1710.97 (23.84) | 1567.71 (27.62) | < 0.001 | 1710.97 (23.84) | 1567.71 (27.62) | < 0.001 |
| Antihypertensive drug, n (%) | 0.094 | 0.094 | |||||
| No | 2506 (89.36) | 1987 (89.93) | 519 (86.81) | 1987 (89.93) | 519 (86.81) | ||
| Yes | 328 (10.64) | 245 (10.07) | 83 (13.19) | 245 (10.07) | 83 (13.19) | ||
| Lipid-lowering drug, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| No | 1885 (68.00) | 1519 (69.66) | 366 (60.55) | 1519 (69.66) | 366 (60.55) | ||
| Yes | 949 (32.00) | 713 (30.34) | 236 (39.45) | 713 (30.34) | 236 (39.45) | ||
| Osteoporosis drugs, n (%) | 0.002 | 0.002 | |||||
| No | 2545 (89.93) | 2028 (90.94) | 517 (85.39) | 2028 (90.94) | 517 (85.39) | ||
| Yes | 289 (10.07) | 204 (9.06) | 85 (14.61) | 204 (9.06) | 85 (14.61) | ||
| Occupation, n (%) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |||||
| Employee of private company | 632 (28.41) | 575 (32.14) | 57 (11.71) | 575 (32.14) | 57 (11.71) | ||
| Work for government | 171 (6.68) | 160 (7.78) | 11 (1.78) | 160 (7.78) | 11 (1.78) | ||
| Self-employed or family business/farm | 119 (4.59) | 105 (4.77) | 14 (3.79) | 105 (4.77) | 14 (3.79) | ||
| Unknown | 1912 (60.32) | 1392 (55.31) | 520 (82.71) | 1392 (55.31) | 520 (82.71) | ||
| Severity of osteoporosis, n (%) | 0.003 | 0.034 | |||||
| Osteoporosis | 449 (16.81) | 320 (15.60) | 129 (22.22) | 408 (16.40) | 41 (23.78) | ||
| Osteopenia | 2385 (83.19) | 1912 (84.40) | 473 (77.78) | 2241 (83.60) | 144 (76.22) | ||
| Survival time, month, Mean (S.E) | 113.51 (3.15) | 117.00 (3.70) | 97.92 (3.72) | < 0.001 | 114.40 (3.41) | 98.23 (7.29) | 0.064 |
AA Associate of arts, AISI, neutrophil × monocyte × platelet /lymphocyte ratio, BMI Body mass index, CVD Cardiovascular disease, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, GED General equivalent diploma, HDL-C high density lipoprotein cholesterol, MET Metabolic equivalent, MLR Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, NLR Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, PIR Poverty-to-income ratio, PLR Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, SBP Systolic blood pressure, SII Immune-inflammation index, SIRI Systemic inflammation response index