Table 3.
Clinical features and treatment regimens main results of all included studies
| Study | Histology | Tumor status P/R/M |
Tumor site | Median target volume (cc) | Surgery | Chemotherapy | Beam-delivery | Total dose Gy (RBE) |
Fractions (n) | Dose/fraction Gy (RBE) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mizoe 2009 [15] | Chordoma | NR | Skull base | 32 (2–328) | 33 (100%) | 0 | Passive scanning | 48.0–60.8 | 16 | 3.0–3.8 |
| Imai 2011 [16] | Chordoma | 84/11/0 | Sacral | 370 (47–1468) | 11 (11.6%) | 0 | Passive scanning | 70.4 (52.8–73.6) | 16 | 3.3–4.6 |
| Imai 2016 [17] | Chordoma | 188/0/0 | Sacral | 345 (42–1497) | 0 | 0 | Passive scanning | 67.2 (64–73.6) | 16 | 4.0–4.6 |
| Koto 2020 [18] | Chordoma | 27/7/0 | Skull base | 18.7 (1.5–126.7) | 29 (85.3%) | 0 | Passive scanning | 60.8 | 16 | 3.8 |
| Demizu 2021 [19] | Chordoma | 219/0/0 | Sacral | Unclear | 8 (3.7%) | 0 | Passive scanning | 67.2 (67.2–79.2) | 16 (16–32) | 4.2 (2.2–4.4) |
| §Shiba 2021 [20] | Chordoma | NR | Sacral | 205.7 (1.6–2074.3) | 5 (15.6$) | 0 | NR | 67.2 (64–67.2) | 16 | 4.0–4.2 |
| Aoki 2022 [21] | Chordoma | 17/2/0 | Spine | 39.3 (9.11–117.93) | 0 | 0 | NR | 60.8 | 16 | 3.8 |
| Evangelisti 2019 [22] | Chordoma | 18/0/0 | Sacral | 374(51.6–1740) | 0 | 0 | Active scanning | 70.4 | 16 | 4.4 |
| †Iannalfi 2020 [23] | Chordoma | 46/19/0 | Skull base | 13 (0.4–87.4) | 61 (93.8%) | 0 | Active scanning | 70.4 | 16 | 4.4 |
| Uhl 2014 [24] | Chordoma | 101/54/0 | Skull base | 70 (2–294) | 139 (89.7%) | 0 | Active scanning | 60 | 20 | 3.0 |
| †Mattke 2023 [25] | Chordoma | 85/26/0 | Skull base | 40.9 | NR | 0 | Active scanning | 66 | 22 | 3.0 |
NR no reported, P/R/M primary/recurrent/metastasis, RBE relative biological effectiveness
†Only carbon ion data is included
§Only chordoma data is included