TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the training, validation, test, and additional test sets.
| Baseline | Training set (n = 35) | Validation set (n = 13) | Test set (n = 12) | Additional test set (n = 12) | Total (n = 72) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 60.6 ± 14.1 | 62.6 ± 15.7 | 56.6 ± 12.1 | 59.9 ± 8.3 | 60.2 ± 13.2 |
| Sex, n (%) | |||||
| Male | 23 (65.7%) | 6 (46.2%) | 10 (83.3%) | 8 (66.7%) | 47 (65.3%) |
| Female | 12 (34.3%) | 7 (53.8%) | 2 (16.7%) | 4 (33.3%) | 25 (34.7%) |
| Size (cm), mean ± SD | 3.1 ± 1.2 | 3.3 ± 0.9 | 2.8 ± 1.1 | 2.7 ± 1.0 | 3.0 ± 1.1 |
| Location, n (%) | |||||
| Head/neck | 25 (71.4%) | 8 (61.5%) | 6 (50.0%) | 8 (66.7%) | 47 (65.3%) |
| Body/tail | 10 (28.6%) | 5 (38.5%) | 6 (50.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | 25 (34.7%) |
| Cytopathological diagnosis, n (%) | |||||
| Positive for malignancy | 16 (45.7%) | 5 (38.4%) | 4 (33.4%) | 4 (33.3%) | 29 (40.3%) |
| Suspicious for malignancy | 1 (2.9%) | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (8.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 6 (8.3%) |
| Atypical | 4 (11.4%) | 2 (15.4%) | 1 (8.3%) | 2 (16.7%) | 9 (12.5%) |
| Negative for malignancy | 14 (40.0%) | 4 (30.8%) | 6 (50.0%) | 4 (33.3%) | 28 (38.9%) |
| Final diagnosis, n (%) | |||||
| PDAC | 19 (54.3%) | 8 (61.5%) | 5 (41.7%) | 7 (58.3%) | 39 (54.2%) |
| Benign | 16 (45.7%) | 5 (38.5%) | 7 (58.3%) | 5 (41.7%) | 33 (45.8%) |
Abbreviation: PDAC, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.