TABLE 2.

Summary of the application of platelet inhibitors in tumor therapy.

Platelet inhibitors	Detailed introduction	Mechanism	Reference
FAK inhibitors	FAK in platelets was demonstrated to be a promising target, further causing the platelet−tumor interaction	Controlling the platelet extravasation	183
ADP/MMP‐2 inhibitors	ADP and MMP‐2 released from tumor cells	Reducing the activation and aggregation of platelets	184
PTAFR inhibitors	The receptor of platelet‐activating factor (PAF). PAF can activate the platelets	Blocking PAF/PTAFR pathway	185
α‐Hederin	Expression of matrix metalloproteinase‐2 can be hampered by α‐Hederin	Inhibiting the activation of STAT3	185
PDGFR inhibitors	PDGFR expressed in the tumor cells	Inhibiting PDGFRα/β kinases	186 , 187
Imatinib	Inhibit PDGFRα/Akt and disrupting the action of PDGF	Tyrosine kinase inhibitor	188
HIF1α	Inhibiting the expression of PDGFR in tumor cells	Inhibitor echinomycin	190
Eptifibatide	PD‐L1 inhibitor	Immune checkpoint inhibitors	191
CAR‐T therapy	Chimera antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy changes the synthesis of platelet‐activating factors (PAFs)	Targeting PAF remodeling	170
Targeting immune checkpoint HLA‐E:CD94‐NKG2A	Immune checkpoint HLA‐E:CD94‐NKG2A on the tumor cells and T cell	Inhibiting the immune checkpoint	69
R848‐loaded nanoparticle	Coated with platelet membrane, which contained resiquimod (R848) and the drug	Agonist of toll‐like receptor	192
Nanoparticle with apatiniband and VDAs	Platelet membrane‐based nanoparticles loaded with apatinib, an antiangiogenic drug	Damage vessels and disrupt tumor angiogenesis	193
Glucose oxidase (GOx)‐based starvation therapy	Application of platelet membrane	Improve the efficacy of  killing tumors	194
Mesoporous Fe single‐atom nanozyme (Fe‐SAzyme) coated with platelets	Platelet membrane used to camouflage single‐atom nanozyme	Destroy mitochondria	196
β‐Mangostin‐loaded nanoparticles	The hybrid membrane of both platelets and tumor cells used to coat the β‐mangostin‐loaded nanoparticles	Improved ability targeting glioma	197
Platelet exosomes	Produced by exosomes	FG@PEL to exert its cascade targeting effect against tumor	198
Platelet vesicles with RSL‐3	Platelet vesicles used to coat RSL‐3	Pass through the stroma and disrupt tumor angiogenesis	199
A nanoparticle coated with PSN peptide	Nanoparticles coated with a P‐selectin‐targeting peptide	Inhibiting platelet−tumor interaction and inflammation	200
Quercetin (QCT)‐loaded platelet	Drug to be loaded into the cytoplasm of platelets	Target the glioblastoma tumor	201
AuNR‐loaded platelets	Platelets loaded using AuNR	Target tumor cells precisely	202

Abbreviations: CART, chimera antigen receptor T cell therapy; FAK, focal adhesion kinase; Fe‐SAzyme, Fe single‐atom nanozyme; GOx, glucose oxidase; MMP‐2, matrix metalloprotein‐2; PDGFR, platelet‐derived growth factor; PTAFR, platelet‐activating factor receptor.