Table 1.

Intervention studies investigating stress management for oncology nurses

Author (year)	Country	Design		Participants; sample size (n)	Intervention information	Control group (YES/NO)	Assessment information (including time frames)	Effect size interpretation
Onan et al.	Turkey	Quasi-experi-		Oncology	Coping skills interven-	NO	Outcomes: stress, ways of	Not reported
(2013)		ment		nurses; n = 30	tion; nine 90-minute		coping, and burnout. (Pre-and
					sessions		post-intervention, 1-month
							follow-up)
Udo et al.	Sweden	Mixed-methods		Oncology	Educational interven-	YES – non-edu-	Outcomes: Attitudes towards	Not reported
(2013)		quasi-experi-		nurses; n = 42	tion on existential	cational group	caring for patients feeling
		ment			issues; five 90-minute		meaningless scale, sense of
					sessions		coherence scale. (Post-interven-
							tion and 6-month follow-up)
Le Blanc	Nether-	Longitudinal		Physicians, on-	Team-based burnout	YES – received	Outcomes: Burnout (emotional	Small negative rela-
et al. (2007)	lands	quasi-experi-		cology nurses,	programme target-	no intervention	exhaustion and depersonali-	tionships (B = –.06
		ment		radiotherapy	ing various concepts	at all	sation), social support, deci-	to –.18) between all
				assistants;	(e.g. decision making,		sion making participation, job	outcomes, apart from
				n = 664	social support, problem		control, job demands. (Pre-and	a medium to strong
					solving); six monthly		post-intervention, 6-month	positive association
					3-hour sessions		follow-up)	between workload and
								emotional exhaustion
Kravits	USA	Mixed-methods		Oncology	One 6-hour psycho-	NO	Outcomes: burnout, Draw-a-	Not reported
et al. (2010)				nurses; n = 248	educational pro-		Person-in-the-Rain Art Assess-
					gramme on self-care		ment (PIR) to measure inter-
					strategies		action between stressors and
							coping resources to augment
							burnout scores. (Pre-and post-
							intervention)
Potter et al.	USA	Descriptive		Oncology	Compassion fatigue	NO	Outcomes: Burnout, compas-	Not reported
(2013)		pilot study		nurses; n = 14	resiliency programme;		sion fatigue, impact of events,
					four 90-minute ses-		nursing job satisfaction. (Pre-
					sions		and post-intervention, 3 and
							6-month follow-ups)
Cohen-Katz	USA		Randomised-	Oncology	Mindfulness Based	YES – waitlist	Outcomes: Burnout, emotional	Not reported
et al. (2005)			controlled trial	nurses; n = 27	Stress Reduction;	condition	exhaustion, psychological dis-
					eight weekly 2.5-hour		tress. Process measure: Mind-
					sessions		fulness Attention Awareness
							Scale. (Pre-and post-interven-
							tion, 3-month follow-up)
Duarte	Portugal		Non-ran-	Oncology	Mindfulness Based	YES – waitlist	Outcomes: Professional quality	Medium to large ef-
and Pinto-			domised con-	nurses; n = 48	Stress Reduction; six	condition	of life; depression, anxiety and	fects (d values not pre-
Gouveia			trolled study		weekly 2-hour group		stress; self-compassion. Pro-	sented in the paper)
(2016)					sessions		cess measures: psychological	on stress, burnout and
							inflexibility and mindfulness.	compassion fatigue
							(Pre-and post-intervention, no
							follow-up)
Villani et al.	Italy		Randomised-	Oncology	Stress Inoculation	YES – neutral	Outcomes: stress, anxiety,	Not reported
(2013)			controlled trial	nurses; n = 30	Training (SIT) through	video clips, pre-	coping and job content. (Pre-
					mobile phone applica-	senting natural	and post measures after each
					tion; 8 sessions over	landscapes, with-	session)
					4 weeks	out any narrative
Poulsen	USA		Randomised-	Radiation	One-day educational	YES – written-	Outcomes: recovery, satisfac-	Medium significant
et al. (2015)			controlled trial	therapists	workshop on recov-	educational	tion with self-care practices,	effects (d = .72 to .77)
				and oncology	ery-related self-care	information only	perceived sleep quality. (Pre-	observed for all
				nurses; n = 70	practices		intervention, then every week	outcomes at six-week
							for a 6-week period)	follow-up