Table 1.

Main types of cancer treatments and related toxic effects

Therapeutic class	Main treatment-induced toxicity mechanisms
Anthracyclines	Induction of oxidative stress, impaired autophagy, type II topoisomerase poisoning
Trastuzumab	Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor 2
Fluoropyrimidines	Induction of oxidative stress in cardiomyocytes, vasospasm by favouring endothelial and smooth cell dysfunction, coronary artery thrombosis
Platinum drugs	Induction of oxidative stress and of direct damage to cardiomyocytes and mitochondria, platelet aggregation
Taxanes	Direct cardiomyocyte and mitochondrial damage, alteration of cell division and microtubule dysfunction, oxidative stress, platelet aggregation, endothelial injury, haemorrhagic myopericarditis
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors (tyrosine kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies)	Arterial and venous thrombosis
Immune checkpoint inhibitors	Increased CD4 and CD8 lymphocyte infiltration inducing myopericarditis and arrhythmia
Radiotherapy	Coronary atherosclerosis and fibrosis by triggering acute and long-term coronary inflammation