Table 1. Characteristics at ART start by period of ART initiation.
| Total | 2011–13 | 2014–16 | 2017–20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Patients (n) | 2027 | 747 | 739 | 541 |
| World Bank Country income group | ||||
| Upper-middle income | 302 (15) | 114 (15) | 103 (14) | 85 (16) |
| Lower-middle income | 1725 (85) | 633 (85) | 636 (86) | 456 (84) |
| Sex | ||||
| Male | 1100 (54) | 401 (54) | 407 (55) | 292 (54) |
| Female | 927 (46) | 346 (46) | 332 (45) | 249 (46) |
| Age, years | ||||
| Median (IQR) | 5.2 (1.8–9.9) | 4.5 (1.7–7.9) | 5.9 (1.9–10.1) | 6.7 (2.1–11.3) |
| <2 | 531 (26) | 211 (28) | 191 (26) | 129 (24) |
| 2 to 4 | 447 (22) | 201(27) | 147 (20) | 99 (18) |
| 5 to 9 | 569 (28) | 219 (29) | 212 (29) | 138 (26) |
| 10 to 14 | 372 (18) | 98 (13) | 145 (20) | 129 (24) |
| ≥15 | 108 (5.3) | 18 (2.4) | 44 (6.0) | 46 (8.5) |
| CD4 count, cells/μl | ||||
| Available data | 1597 (79) | 652 (87) | 598 (81) | 347 (64) |
| Median (IQR) | 338 (71–793) | 237 (39–752) | 355 (117–838) | 466 (141–809) |
| <200 | 616 (39) | 313 (48) | 199 (33) | 104 (30) |
| 200–349 | 194 (12) | 63 (9.7) | 98 (16) | 33 (9.5) |
| 350–499 | 162 (10) | 56 (8.6) | 57 (9.5) | 49 (14) |
| ≥500 | 625 (39) | 220 (34) | 244 (41) | 161 (46) |
| Median CD4 count by age (IQR) | ||||
| <2 years | 1108 (533–1848) | 1099 (495–1697) | 1140 (604–1839) | 1108 (458–2232) |
| Available data | 379 (71) | 170 (81) | 144 (75) | 65 (50) |
| 2 to 4 | 454 (114–843) | 379 (54–687) | 608 (193–906) | 527 (186–1086) |
| Available data | 373 (83) | 179 (89) | 124 (84) | 70 (71) |
| 5 to 9 | 142 (26–411) | 61 (22–243) | 226 (49–452) | 398 (35–398) |
| Available data | 463 (81) | 195 (89) | 180 (85) | 88 (64) |
| 10 to 14 | 180 (40–373) | 103 (16–211) | 204 (49–353) | 355 (97–578) |
| Available data | 290 (78) | 91 (93) | 114 (79) | 85 (66) |
| ≥15 | 351 (197–501) | 239 (163–527) | 293 (134–406) | 391 (229–519) |
| Available data | 92 (85) | 17 (94) | 36 (82) | 39 (85) |
| Severe HIV-associated immunodeficiency | ||||
| Available data | 1493 (74) | 611 (82) | 561 (76) | 321 (59) |
| No | 611 (41) | 186 (30) | 247 (44) | 178 (55) |
| Yes | 882 (59) | 425 (70) | 314 (56) | 143 (45) |
| HIV viral load, copies/ml | ||||
| Available data | 332 (16) | 131 (18) | 91 (12) | 110 (20) |
| Median log10 (IQR) | 5.4 (4.8–6.0) | 5.5 (5.1–6.1) | 5.4 (4.7–6.1) | 5.1 (4.6–5.9) |
| 400–999 | 5 (1.5) | 1 (0.8) | 0 | 4 (3.6) |
| 1,000–9,999 | 26 (7.8) | 6 (4.6) | 9 (9.9) | 11 (10) |
| ≥10,000 | 301 (91) | 124 (95) | 82 (90) | 95 (86) |
| Weight-for-age z-score | ||||
| Available data | 1783 (88) | 684 (92) | 623 (84) | 476 (88) |
| Median | -2.2 (-3.4 to -1.1) | -2.3 (-3.4 to -1.2) | -2.3 (-3.4 to -1.0) | -2.1 (-3.2 to -1.1) |
| <-3 | 585 (33) | 232 (34) | 207 (33) | 146 (31) |
| -3≤ to <-2 | 396 (22) | 160 (23) | 139 (22) | 97 (20) |
| -2≤ to <-1 | 398 (22) | 143 (21) | 126 (20) | 129 (27) |
| ≥-1 | 404 (23) | 149 (22) | 151 (24) | 104 (22) |
| WHO clinical stage | ||||
| Available data | 1230 (61) | 588 (79) | 387 (52) | 255 (47) |
| Stage I/II | 544 (44) | 251 (43) | 168 (43) | 125 (49) |
| Stage III | 498 (40) | 255 (43) | 153 (40) | 90 (35) |
| Stage IV | 188 (15) | 82 (14) | 66 (17) | 40 (16) |
| Initial ART regimen | ||||
| NNRTI-based | 1587 (78) | 648 (87) | 587 (79) | 352 (65) |
| PI-based | 362 (18) | 70 (9.4) | 133 (18) | 159 (29) |
| INSTI-based | 33 (1.6) | 2 (0.3) | 5 (0.7) | 26 (4.8) |
| NRTI | 37 (1.8) | 26 (3.5) | 11 (1.5) | 0 |
| Mono/dual | 8 (0.4) | 1 (0.1) | 3 (0.4) | 4 (0.7) |
Data are n (%), median (IQR, interquartile range). For weight-for-age z-score, the 2006 WHO standards was used for children ≤10 years and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention standards for children >10 years. ART, antiretroviral therapy; NNRTI, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI, protease inhibitor; INSTI, integrase strand transfer inhibitors; NRTI, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; mono/dual, single or two drugs.