Table 3. Characteristics related to development of first OI within the first two years of ART start (where mortality is a competing event).
| Characteristics | Total (n = 1963) | Follow-up time (person-years) | First OI (n = 275) | Univariate analysis | Multivariate analysisc | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SHR (95% CI) | p-value | aSHR (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
| Sex | 0.415 | ||||||
| Male | 1059 | 1606 | 144 | 1 | |||
| Female | 904 | 1319 | 131 | 1.08 (0.90–1.31) | |||
| Age at first ART (years) | 0.007 | 0.001 | |||||
| <2 | 515 | 741 | 96 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2–4 | 437 | 676 | 60 | 0.71 (0.49–1.02) | 0.59 (0.38–0.90) | ||
| 5–9 | 559 | 847 | 75 | 0.70 (0.52–0.94) | 0.50 (0.34–0.72) | ||
| 10–14 | 353 | 502 | 40 | 0.62 (0.31–1.24) | 0.48 (0.28–0.82) | ||
| ≥15 | 99 | 159 | 4 | 0.20 (0.04–1.05) | 0.27 (0.05–1.35) | ||
| Current CD4 count (cells/ul) a | <0.001 | <0.001 | |||||
| <200 | 258 | 89 | 1 | 1 | |||
| 200–349 | 219 | 16 | 0.28 (0.19–0.42) | 0.25 (0.18–0.36) | |||
| 350–499 | 304 | 14 | 0.21 (0.11–0.38) | 0.19 (0.10–0.37) | |||
| ≥500 | 2009 | 118 | 0.29 (0.18–0.48) | 0.19 (0.12–0.31) | |||
| Missing data | 135 | 38 | 0.99 (0.52–1.88) | 0.93 (0.53–1.63) | |||
| Weight-for-age z-score at first ART | 0.014 | 0.422 | |||||
| <-3 | 558 | 737 | 95 | 1 | |||
| -3 ≤ to <-2 | 391 | 598 | 57 | 0.81 (0.64–1.02) | 1.00 (0.80–1.23) | ||
| ≥-2 | 786 | 1249 | 99 | 0.68 (0.48–0.96) | 0.85 (0.64–1.13) | ||
| Missing data | 228 | 340 | 24 | 0.59 (0.24–1.47) | 0.82 (0.34–1.96) | ||
| Severe HIV-associated immunodeficiency | <0.001 | 0.463 | |||||
| No | 591 | 975 | 48 | 1 | |||
| Yes | 866 | 1275 | 149 | 2.23 (1.67–2.98) | 1.17 (0.80–1.71) | ||
| Missing data | 506 | 674 | 78 | 2.13 (1.46–3.11) | 1.02 (0.61–1.71) | ||
| Year of ART start b | 0.299 | 0.124 | |||||
| 2011–2013 | 740 | 1102 | 138 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 2014–2016 | 707 | 1137 | 85 | 0.64 (0.35–1.15) | 0.66 (0.40–1.06) | ||
| 2017–2020 | 516 | 686 | 52 | 0.58 (0.25–1.33) | 0.46 (0.22–0.97) | ||
| Facility level | 0.026 | 0.009 | |||||
| Healthcare center | 781 | 1129 | 48 | 1 | 1 | ||
| Regional, provincial, or university hospital | 1182 | 1796 | 227 | 3.09 (1.14–8.39) | 3.53 (1.37–9.07) | ||
| Country income group | 0.606 | ||||||
| Lower-middle income | 1671 | 2456 | 244 | 1 | |||
| Upper-middle income | 292 | 469 | 31 | 0.70 (0.18–2.74) | |||
OI, opportunistic infection. Death (n = 45) was a competing event for first OI in this analysis. Total numbers include missing values. Missing values were included as a separate category in all analyses. Global p values have excluded missing categories. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; asHR, adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio.
a CD4 count was considered time-dependent variable. Total number was not given as children and adolescents moved between categories.
b Year of ART start was our variable of interest and was included in the final model, even if non-significant in the univariate analysis.
c Adjusted for current CD4 count, age at ART start, year of ART start, and facility level (competing risks regression analysis with death as competing event); Weight-for-age z-score at first ART and severe HIV-associated immunodeficiency were not remained in the multivariate model. Their aSHR (shown in italics) were obtained by adding and removing them individually to the final model.