Table 2:

Selected Studies that described the role of carotid and aortic artery imaging in ASCVD

First Author	Main Findings
Bots et al., 1997 ⁸⁸	Odds ratio of 0.163mm increase in IMT with stroke was 1.41 (95% CI, 1.25 to 1.82), myocardial infarction was 1.43 (95% CI, 1.16 to 1.78) When subjects with a previous myocardial infarction or stroke were excluded, odds ratios were 1.57 (95% CI, 1.27 to 1.94) for stroke and 1.51 (95% CI, 1.18 to 1.92) for myocardial infarction.
Urbina et al., 2002 ⁹¹	Race differences (blacks more than whites) were noted for the common carotid (p <0.001) and carotid bulb (bifurcation) IMT (women only, p <0.001). Men had a greater IMT in the common carotid (p <0.05), internal carotid (p <0.05), and carotid bulb (whites only, p <0.001).
Berry et al., 2009 ⁸⁹	In young adults with a low 10 year risk, the IMT of common carotid (0.83mm) and internal carotid (0.85mm) was higher in high lifetime risk compared to low lifetime risk groups
Polak et al., 2010 ⁹⁴	Carotid IMT was associated with LDL cholesterol, smoking and hypertension in all segments while CCA was associated strongly with fasting glucose and diastolic blood pressure and hypertension, diabetes and current smoking with bulb IMT, and LDL with ICA IMT
Nwabuo et al., 2020 ⁹⁹	Carotid IMT has also been shown to be associated with variability of blood pressure due to the shear stress on the arterial scaffold resulting endothelial dysfunction, inflammation and oxidative stress leading arterial remodeling
Wilkins et al., 2014	Family history of CVD was associated with carotid IMT >90% with an OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.10-3.4.
Raynor et al., 2013	Lipid levels at young age have been shown to predict carotid IMT abnormalities in middle age. More than carotid stenosis, plaque area and volume showed greater association with traditional risk factors.
McMahan et al., 2005 ²²	Odds ratios for a 1-unit increase in the risk scores were 1.18 (95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.22) for the CAC and 1.29 (95% confidence interval, 1.23-1.35) for the abdominal aorta.
Jurgens et al., 2021 ¹¹⁴	AAC scores tended to be much higher than CAC scores. AAC scores were higher in Black women than in White women. AAC predicted CVD with HR 1.77 (1.52– 2.06). AAC predicted incident CVD when CAC was 0.
Szulc, 2016 ¹¹⁶	People with any or more advanced AAC had higher risk of cardiovascular events (RR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.40-2.39), fatal cardiovascular events (RR, 1.85; 95% CI, 1.44-2.39), and all-cause mortality (RR, 1.98; 95% CI, 1.55-2.53)

Abbreviations: CI- confidence interval; IMT- intima-media thickness; CCA- common carotid artery; ICA-internal carotid artery;LDL-low-density lipoprotein; CBF-cerebral blood flow; AAC-abdominal aorta calcification; CAC-coronary artery calcification; CVD- cardiovascular disease; HR- hazard ratio;RR-relative risk;