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. 2023 Sep 14;13:15257. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42446-x

Table 2.

Risk of bias summary.

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D1: Bias arising from the randomization process.

D2: Bias due to deviation from intended interventions.

D3: Bias due to missing outcome data.

D4: Bias in measurement of the outcome.

D5: Bias in selection of the reported result.