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. 2023 Sep 14;14:5701. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-41498-x

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — a En face OCT images of the PCB traces on the pinout side of Card 5. b Enlarged en face OCT images of the area indicated by the red boxes in (a, c), clearly showing minor scratch, severe scratch, and cutting traces. c Microscopic images of Card 5. d Corresponding B-scan to the red dashed lines in (a–c), indicating the depths of the minor and severe scratches to be approximately 14 μm and 60 μm, respectively. e En face OCT images of the PCB traces on the pinout side of Card 6. f Enlarged en face OCT images of areas indicated by the red boxes in (e, g), clearly showing the cracked trace. g Microscopic images of Card 6. h Corresponding B-scan to the red dashed lines in (e–g), indicating the position of the cracked point. i En face OCT images of the PCB traces on the pinout side of Card 7. j Enlarged en face OCT images of areas indicated by the red boxes in (i, k); the red area indicates the burned area, and the white dashed line represents the boundary of the burned area. k Microscopic images of Card 7. l Corresponding B-scan to the red dashed lines in (i–k). The area enclosed by the red dashed line indicates the burned area, which has a different cross-sectional structure compared to the surrounding unburned area.