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Red 40 induces DNA damage in vivo. A. Red 40 given at a human equivalent dose of 7 mg/kg (ADI) and 14 mg/kg (2x ADI) for 6 h, 24 h or 1 week causes DNA damage in cells collected from the colon after indicated time points. Female A/J mice were given Red 40 orally (e.g., oral gavage) at indicated doses (ADI or 2xADI), then colon cells collected at indicated times (0. 6, or 24 h; and 1 week) by scraping and examined by the Comet Assay. Error bars represent the standard deviation (n = 3).
