. 2023 Aug 20;102(11):103046. doi: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.103046

Table 6.

Effect of dietary β-carotene with different supplemental levels on the content of carotenoids and retinoids in serum sample.

Compounds (ng/mL serum)	Control	BC15	BC30	BC60	BC120
β-Carotene	-¹	21.47 ± 3.01^c	64.31 ± 4.41^c	155.21 ± 16.95^b	403.55 ± 50.86^a
Retinal	162.44 ± 16.04^b	180.50 ± 27.17^b	223.42 ± 23.17^b	247.97 ± 19.78^a	368.34 ± 17.50^a
Retinol	763.01 ± 54.30^c	888.93 ± 33.96^c	911.73 ± 29.19^bc	1140.01 ± 81.44^a	1159.80 ± 59.06^b
Retinyl palmitate	364.89. ± 41.32^c	418.04 ± 48.56^c	724.82 ± 62.75^ab	828.58 ± 66.49^a	647.18 ± 34.44^ab
Retinyl stearate	61.28 ± 9.35^c	68.51 ± 4.18^c	70.15 ± 9.70^c	149.16 ± 13.74^a	118.79 ± 10.22^b
Lutein	99.96 ± 9.47^a	80.28 ± 11.67^ab	73.50 ± 11.61^ab	78.80 ± 12.63^ab	48.28 ± 7.94^a
Zeaxanthin	690.18 ± 76.38^a	464.56 ± 26.37^b	465.12 ± 51.16^b	478.71 ± 58.10^b	505.81 ± 33.29^b

Means the content of β-carotene was below the limit of quantification of the detection method.

^a,b,c

Data points with different letters are significantly different (1-way analysis of variance) at the level of P < 0.05 by Duncan's multiple comparison test.