SF affects serine and glycine metabolism in HepG2 cells.
(A) Summary of serine biosynthesis from glucose through the serine synthetic pathway. HepG2 cells were treated with 10 μM SF for 24 h in basal glucose (5.5 mM) or high glucose (25 mM). After 24 h, metabolites were extracted and quantified using GC-MS. (B) Serine labelling from the 13C6glucose tracer. M3 serine BG DMSO vs BG SF q=0.20, BG DMSO vs HG DMSO q=0.0007, HG DMSO vs HG SF q=0.0078. M2 Serine BG DMSO vs BG SF q=0.42, BG DMSO vs HG DMSO q<0.0001, HG DMSO vs HG SF q=0.02. M1 serine BG DMSO vs BG SF q=0.01, BG DMSO vs HG DMSO q<0.0001, HG DMSO vs HG SF q<0.0001. (C) Glycine labelling from the 13C6glucose tracer. M2 Glycine BG DMSO vs BG SF q=0.93, BG DMSO vs HG DMSO q<0.001 HG DMSO vs HG SF q=0.0093, M1 Glycine BG DMSO vs BF SF q =0.21, BG DMSO vs HG DMSO q<0.0001, HG DMSO vs HG SF q=0.03. Values are mean ± SD. Results from in vitro experiments are representative of n=5 biological replicates.