Table 2.
Initial diagnosis disease classification performance.
| Initial diagnosis performance | ||
|---|---|---|
| Train | Validation | |
| Sensitivity (%; Sample No. Train/Validation) | ||
| Overall (56/22) | 98 (90–100) | 95 (77–100) |
| High grade (42/14) | 100 (92–100) | 100 (77–100) |
| Low grade (14/8) | 93 (66–100) | 87 (47–100) |
| NMIBC (38/18) | 97 (86–100) | 94 (73–100) |
| MIBC (16/4) | 100 (79–100) | 100 (40–100) |
| Upper tract UC (7/2) | 100 (59–100) | 100 (16–100) |
| Specificity (%; Sample No. Train/Validation) | ||
| All urology controls (139/96) | 96 (91–98) | 90 (82–95) |
| Controls with UTI (23/10) | 100 (85–100) | 90 (56–100) |
| Controls with hematuria (71/37) | 96 (88–99) | 87 (71–96) |
| Controls with BPH (23/26) | 96 (77–100) | 85 (65–96) |
| Controls with Leukocytes (48/14) | 98 (89–100) | 86 (57–98) |
| Controls with LUTS (29/20) | 93 (77–99) | 80 (56–94) |
| Positive predictive value (%) | ||
| Hematuria/initial diagnosis (10% prevalence) | 72 | 51 |
| Negative predictive value (%) | ||
| Hematuria/initial diagnosis (10% prevalence) | 100 | 99 |
Note: Clinical demographic subsets, including non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), urologic tract infection (UTI), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and lower urologic tract symptoms (LUTS). Values in parenthesis denote 95% confidence intervals.