Table 3.

Comparison of Culture-Based and Molecular-Based Methods

	Culture-based method	Molecular-based method
Method details	Agar dilution	Clarithromycin-resistance
	E-test	PCR-based method: real-time PCR, multiplex PCR, PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism
	Disk diffusion	Fluorescence in situ hybridization
	Broth microdilution	Fluoroquinolone-resistance
		PCR-based method: real-time PCR, allele-specific PCR
		Metronidazole
		PCR-based method: real-time PCR, multiplex allele-specific PCR
		Amoxicillin
		PCR-based method: real-time PCR
Type of sample required	Gastric biopsy sample	Gastric biopsy sample
		Stool sample
Determinable resistance of antimicrobial agent	All antimicrobial agents	Clarithromycin
		Metronidazole
		Fluoroquinolone
		Amoxicillin
Time required to determine	Long (7–14 days)	Short (1–2 days)
Cost	Low	High

PCR, polymerase chain reaction.