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. 2023 Sep 1;14:1248772. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1248772

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Copyright © 2023 Branstad-Spates, Castano-Duque, Mosher, Hurburgh, Owens, Winzeler, Rajasekaran and Bowers.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Selected soil properties of Iowa. Ksat_05 measures the saturated hydraulic conductivity from the soil surface to 5 cm depth in units of μm sec⁻¹. (A) The gradient graph is the Ksat_05 across Iowa. (B) The boxplots are for Ksat_05 with high and low AFL contamination levels for 20- and 5-ppb risk thresholds, respectively.