. 2023 Aug 31;9:e46383. doi: 10.2196/46383

Table 3.

Multivariable regression model^a results for variables of interest associated with reported animal avian influenza outbreaks, January 2013-June 2022.

Independent variable			Crude relative rate		95% CI		P value		Adjusted relative rate		95% CI		P value
World Bank income classification
	High income	Reference^b		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
	Upper-middle income	0.24		0.12-0.45		<.001		0.44		0.21-0.90		.02
	Lower-middle income	0.12		0.06-0.23		<.001		0.18		0.09-0.36		<.001
	Low income	0.08		0.03-0.24		<.001		0.13		0.04-0.43		.001
Annual poultry import (per 50 million head)			1.09		1.00-1.18		.054		0.94		0.85-1.04		.23
Annual poultry production (per 50 million head)			0.98		0.97-0.99		<.001		0.98		0.98-0.99		<.001
Flyways
	1	Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference		Reference
	2	0.72		0.35-1.47		.36		1.34		0.72-2.51		.36
	≥3	0.18		0.09-0.36		<.001		0.67		0.32-1.38		.28

^aPoisson distribution with a generalized estimating equation and human population offset adjusted for outbreak year.

^bNo data to be presented here because this is the reference group for the variable.