FIGURE 5.

Right hippocampus: statistical analysis results of global and regional hippocampal atrophy during the last 2 years of pMCI‐to‐AD conversion. (a) (A, B, C) Between‐group comparisons results on cross‐sectional measurements. The effect size using Cohen's d is shown as color bar (CN – pMCI, CN – sMCI, sMCI – pMCI), and the p value <.05 is marked by star. (b) Distributions by violin plots, and trajectories of the measurements by line graphs using linear regression to see the changes of each group over time. Because we focus on features sensitive to diseases at early stage of disease and change over time, only the measurements show significant group difference at all time points are depicted. Note that the negative values in regional long‐axis curvatures suggest that one group of hippocampi are more curved than the other group along the anterior–posterior dimension of the hippocampus. (c) (1) Between‐group comparisons results on longitudinal measurements. The effect size using Cohen's d is shown as color bar (CN – pMCI, CN – sMCI, sMCI – pMCI), and the p value <.05 is marked by star. (2) Means and standard errors of longitudinal measurements for each group. CN−, Amyloid‐β negative cognitive normal; LA curvature, long‐axis curvature; Lat., lateral; Med., medial; pMCI+, amyloid‐β positive progressive mild cognitive impairment; sMCI+, amyloid‐β positive stable mild cognitive impairment.