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. 2023 Sep 1;14:1253913. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1253913

Table 2.

Metabolite levels in the serum of patients with ERA and controls.

Metabolites (Relative Units) Control (n=19) Early RA (n=32) p-value
Median (IRQ) Median (IQR)
Lactic Acid 25.90 (24.16, 28.24) 28.46 (24.04, 31.44) 0.07
Glycolic Acid 0.09 (0.08, 0.11) 0.08 (0.07, 0.10) 0.028
Alanine 20.64 (18.70, 21.22) 18.71 (17.05, 20.83) 0.073
2-Hydroxybutyric Acid 2.45 (1.59, 2.94) 3.27 (2.30, 4.77) 0.008
Sarcosine 0.06 (0.05, 0.06) 0.05 (0.05, 0.05) 0.017
3-Hydroxybutyric Acid/3-Hydroxyisobutyric Acid 0.98 (0.57, 1.52) 1.44 (1.02, 3.64) 0.034
2-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid 0.70 (0.50, 1.04) 0.85 (0.72, 1.25) 0.073
3-Hydroxyisovaleric Acid 0.11 (0.09, 0.14) 0.14 (0.11, 0.16) 0.023
Glyceric Acid 0.88 (0.66, 1.05) 0.44 (0.27, 0.53) <0.001
Threonine 9.56 (8.01, 10.06) 8.25(6.99, 9.40) 0.059
Methionine 2.18 (1.84, 2.45) 1.89 (1.64, 1.99) 0.008
4-Hydroxyproline 3.76 (2.62, 4.78) 2.74 (2.46, 3.80) 0.039
Creatinine 0.39 (0.34, 0.48) 0.36 (0.31, 0.43) 0.039
Phenylalanine 7.84 (7.51, 8.13) 7.18 (6.62, 7.62) 0.004
Myo-Inositol 0.67 (0.59, 0.83) 0.57 (0.50, 0.66) 0.029