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. 2023 May 10;164(10):2253–2264. doi: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002925

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Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the International Association for the Study of Pain.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives License 4.0 (CCBY-NC-ND), where it is permissible to download and share the work provided it is properly cited. The work cannot be changed in any way or used commercially without permission from the journal.

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Figure 1. — Fragmented care reduces acute thermal and mechanical nociception in wild-type male and female C57BL/6 mice. (A) Dams housed in fragmented care (FC) cages made significantly more nest departures compared with dams housed in control cages on postnatal day (PD) 3 to 8 (cage condition: F_1,100 = 52.5, P < 0.0001; time F_5,100 = 1.7, P = 0.15; interaction: F_5,100 = 0.89, P = 0.49). (B) The time each dam spent interacting with their pups (expressed as a percentage of the total interaction time on each day) was similar between control and FC cages (cage condition: F_1,100 = 0.05, P = 0.82; time F_5,100 = 0.88, P = 0.5; interaction: F_5,100 = 1.9, P = 0.1). (C) Mice exposed to FC during PD 2 to 9 had significantly prolonged tail withdrawal latencies from warm water (48°C) at PD 60 (cage condition: F_1,27 = 8.1, P = 0.01; sex: F = 3.3, P = 0.08; interaction: F_1,27 = 0.01, P = 0.93). (D) A separate cohort of mice exposed to FC during PD 2 to 9 had significantly enhanced mechanical thresholds on PD 60 (cage condition: F_1,22 = 6.9, P = 0.02; sex: F = 1.6, P = 0.22; interaction: F = 0.04, P = 0.85). Statistical comparisons were performed using a 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction. Data shown as mean ± SEM (bars) in all cases. Individual responses from each mouse are shown as separate datapoints. (A and B) n = 10 (control) and n = 12 (FC) separate cages. (C and D) n (control, then FC) = 14 and 13 (WT male), n = 15 and 15 (WT female). * P < 0.05 compared with control. ANOVA, analysis of variance; WT, wild-type.