Average time course of ventilation, peak genioglossus activity (EMGgg), and the ventilatory drive (EMGdi, gray) and intrathoracic pressure (Pes, orange) stimuli during events across all patients (N = 42; shading denotes 95% confidence interval). The vertical dashed line illustrates the average event start, and the solid vertical line illustrates event end. Note that the time course of EMGgg visibly matches the time course of drive but not that of pressure. EGMdi = diaphragm electromyography; Pes = esophageal pressure.