Table II.
Major Anatomical Full-Body Human Models for CEM and Radiological Simulations (After 2004)
| Entity/Country | Model Name | G/A/H/W | Da | TYPE | RES, mm2 | FV | D | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | Glenn | m/84/173/61.1 | N | V | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
N | Y | [28],[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | FATS | m/37/182/119 | N | V | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
N | Y | [28],[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | DUKE | m/34/177/70.3 | N | V/S | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
Y | Y | [27]–[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | ELLA | f/26/163/57.3 | N | V/S | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
Y | Y | [[27]–[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | LOUIS | m/14/168/49.7 | N | V | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
N | Y | [[28],[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | BILLIE | f/11/149/34.0 | N | V/S | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
Y | Y | [27]–[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | EARTHA | f/8/136/29.9 | N | V | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
N | Y | [28],[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | DIZZY | m/8/137/25.4 | N | V | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
N | Y | [28],[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | THELONIOUS | m/6/115/18.6 | N | V/S | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
Y | Y | [27]–[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | ROBERTA | f/5/109/17.8 | N | V | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
N | Y | [[28],[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | NINA | f/3/92/13.9 | N | V | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
N | N | [28],[29] |
| IT’IS Found. Switzerland | CHARLIE | f/8w/na/4.3 | N | V | 0.5×0.5×1.0h 0.9×0.9×2b |
N | N | [28],[29] |
| China Acad. of Tel. Res. | CHINESE MALE | m/35/172/64 | Y1 | V/S | 1×1×1 | N | N | [30],[33],[34] |
| China Acad. of Tel. Res. | CHINESE FEMALE | f/22/162/54 | Y1 | V/S | 1×1×1 | N | N | [30],[33],[34] |
| Huazhong Univ, China | CDH M2 | m/166 | Y2 | V/S | 0.1×0.1×0.2 | N | N | [31],[33],[34] |
| Huazhong Univ, China | CHINESE REF. MAN | m/166 | Y | S | 2×2×2 | N | Y | [32]–[34] |
| Natl. Inst. of Inform. and Comm. Technol., Japan | NAGAOKA MAN (TARO) | m/22/173/65 | N | V | 2×2×2 | N | N | [35] |
| Natl. Inst. of Inform. and Comm. Technol., Japan | NAGAOKA WOMAN | f/22/160/53 | N | V | 2×2×2 | N | N | [35] |
| ETRI, Korea Flanyang University | KOREAN MAN | m/21/176/67 | N | V/S | 1×1×1 (head) 3×3×3(body) |
N | N | [36],[37] |
| ETRI, Korea Flanyang University | KOREAN CHILD | m/7/122.4/25.5 | N | V | 1×1×3 | N | N | [38] |
| ETRI, Korea Flanyang University3 | KOREAN WOMAN | f/26/161/54 | N | V | 2×2×2 | N | N | [39] |
| Nat. Radiological Protection Board, UK | NAOMI | f/23/163/60 | N | V | 2×2×2 | N | N | [40] |
| REMCOM, PennState | Male/Female | m/f | Y | V | 5×5×5(both) | N | Y | [41] |
| Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen, Germany CST AG, Germany |
BABY | f/8w/57/4.2 | N | V | 0.85×0.85×4 | N | N | [42],[40] |
| CHILD | f/7/115/21.7 | N | V | 1.54×1.54×8 | N | N | [42] | |
| DONNA | f/40/176/79 | N | V | 1.88×1.88×10 | N | N | [42] | |
| EMMA | f/26/170/81 | N | V | 0.98×0.98×10 | N | N | [42] | |
| GUSTAV | m/38/176/69 | N | V | 2.1×2.1×8 | N | N | [42] | |
| LAURA | f/43/163/51 | N | V | 1.88×1.88×5 | N | N | [42] | |
| HUGO, posable | m/38/187/113 | Y | V | 1×1×1 | N | Y | [43] | |
| U Texas Austin, USA | AUSTIN MAN | m/38/187/113 | Y | V | 1×1×4 | Y | Y | [44], [45] |
| U Texas Austin, USA | AUSTIN WOMAN | f/60/162/88 | Y | V | 1×1×4 | Y | Y | [44], [45] |
| Duke University Medical Center, USA | XCAT FAMILY | Orig: f/60/162/88 m/38/187/113 | Y | NURBS&S4 | variable | Y | Y | [46]–[52] |
| NEVA EM LLC, WPI, USA | VHP-Female (NELLY) | f/60/162/88 | Y | FEM | variable | [53]–[58] | ||
| NEVA EM LLC, WPI, USA | VHP-MALE | m/38/180/90.3 | Y | FEM | variable | [59] |