Table 2.
Mental Health (MH) condition categories (disorders/symptoms, exposure to ACEs, by age at first diagnosis, sex, and prevalence estimates
| Category | Cluster | Age of first diagnosis, median (IQR) | % Male | Prevalence per 1,000 patients |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any mental health disorder/symptom + ACE | 8.1 (3.4–13.4) | 55.6 | 207.9 | |
| Any mental health disorder/symptom | 8.1 (3.5–13.5) | 56.0 | 203.6 | |
| Adverse childhood experiences | Overall (entire cluster) | 8.4 (3.8–13.6) | 36.8 | 10.2 |
| Emotional abuse | 11.8 (9.0-14.2) | 48.1 | 0.6 | |
| Neglect | 6.0 (2.5–11.9) | 48.8 | 0.8 | |
| Physical abuse | 8.6 (3.0–14.0) | 41.8 | 6.5 | |
| Sexual abuse | 9.7 (5.2–14.0) | 21.6 | 4.5 | |
| Anxiety disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 12.4 (8.0-15.5) | 45.7 | 58.1 |
| Anxiety disorder | 12.8 (8.2–15.8) | 44.3 | 38.6 | |
| Obsessive-compulsive disorder | 12.9 (9.6–15.6) | 51.0 | 4.2 | |
| Somatoform disorder | 13.6 (9.9–16.1) | 38.4 | 5.8 | |
| Stress disorder | 12.3 (8.1–15.4) | 45.8 | 20.9 | |
| Disruptive behavior disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 8.8 (5.7–12.8) | 67.5 | 19.9 |
| Conduct disorder | 8.3 (5.0-12.6) | 68.8 | 7.3 | |
| Impulse control | 8.5 (5.5–12.5) | 68.2 | 12.0 | |
| Oppositional defiant disorder | 10.5 (7.7–13.6) | 68.0 | 6.9 | |
| Eating & feeding disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 10.2 (3.4–15.3) | 41.2 | 13.1 |
| Avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder | 12.1 (4.3–15.7) | 38.4 | 10.8 | |
| Other eating & feeding disorder | 4.6 (2.3–9.4) | 53.7 | 2.9 | |
| Elimination disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 8.0 (6.0–10.5) | 57.9 | 19.2 |
| Encopresis | 7.3 (5.4–9.7) | 63.0 | 5.6 | |
| Enuresis | 8.2 (6.2–10.8) | 56.0 | 14.5 | |
| Gender dysphoria/sexual dysfunction | Overall (entire cluster) | 15.3 (13.5–16.9) | 32.9 | 2.1 |
| Gender Dysphoria | 15.3 (13.5–16.9) | 31.5 | 2.0 | |
| Paraphilia | 15.0 (13.0-16.7) | 77.3 | 0.0 | |
| Sexual Dysfunction | 15.8 (13.3–18.0) | 51.1 | 0.1 | |
| Intentional self-harm/suicidality | Overall (entire cluster) | 14.5 (12.5–16.2) | 37.4 | 15.9 |
| Parasuicidality | 14.2 (11.8–15.9) | 33.0 | 4.4 | |
| Suicidality | 14.7 (12.9–16.3) | 36.3 | 13.9 | |
| Mood disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 15.0 (13.0-16.6) | 37.1 | 34.5 |
| Bipolar Disorder | 14.3 (10.5–16.6) | 43.9 | 1.2 | |
| Major Depression | 15.3 (13.6–16.8) | 32.9 | 17.6 | |
| Minor Depression | 15.0 (12.9–16.6) | 37.5 | 27.2 | |
| Neurocognitive disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 12.5 (6.3–15.8) | 52.3 | 7.6 |
| Catatonia | 15.0 (10.4–16.9) | 52.1 | 0.1 | |
| Delirium | 12.9 (6.6–16.0) | 51.8 | 6.7 | |
| Encephalopathy | 9.6 (4.7–14.1) | 56.0 | 0.9 | |
| Neurodevelopmental disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 6.3 (2.5–11.0) | 65.9 | 112.9 |
| Academic developmental disorder | 9.7 (7.7–12.7) | 59.9 | 12.2 | |
| Attention deficit disorder | 10.3 (7.6–13.7) | 68.8 | 44.3 | |
| Autism spectrum disorder | 6.8 (3.8–11.3) | 77.1 | 22.5 | |
| Communication/motor disorder | 3.0 (1.8–5.4) | 66.3 | 54.0 | |
| Intellectual disability disorder | 4.5 (2.0-9.7) | 62.8 | 29.7 | |
| Personality disorders | Personality disorder (total cluster) | 12.0 (7.6–15.6) | 59.4 | 1.6 |
| Psychotic disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 15.1 (12.4–16.9) | 54.9 | 1.7 |
| Psychotic disorder | 15.0 (12.2–16.8) | 55.1 | 1.4 | |
| Schizoaffective disorder | 16.4 (14.8–17.6) | 53.9 | 0.1 | |
| Schizophrenia | 16.1 (13.7–17.5) | 58.3 | 0.3 | |
| Sleep-wake disorders | Overall (entire cluster) | 10.0 (5.1–14.9) | 52.9 | 15.1 |
| Hypersomnia | 12.8 (8.1–15.9) | 51.1 | 2.0 | |
| Insomnia | 11.4 (6.0-15.6) | 50.8 | 9.8 | |
| Parasomnias | 7.2 (3.8–11.7) | 57.1 | 5.4 | |
| Standalone symptoms | Overall (entire cluster) | 8.2 (3.0–13.3) | 56.1 | 28.3 |
| Anger/aggressive symptoms | 9.4 (4.7–13.6) | 66.0 | 7.8 | |
| Anxiety symptoms | 4.7 (0.8–12.1) | 49.7 | 11.3 | |
| Attention symptoms | 9.0 (6.5–13.1) | 60.2 | 7.5 | |
| Depressive symptoms | 8.1 (1.4–14.1) | 44.5 | 1.6 | |
| Hallucinations | 13.3 (9.9–15.7) | 47.7 | 1.8 | |
| Substance use & dependence | Overall (entire cluster) | 16.4 (14.7–17.6) | 52.3 | 5.9 |
| Alcohol substance use disorder | 16.6 (15.4–17.6) | 48.5 | 1.2 | |
| Opioid-related substance use disorder | 4.4 (0.3–16.8) | 54.6 | 0.8 | |
| Other substance use disorder | 15.9 (12.2–17.3) | 54.9 | 2.1 | |
| Cannabis use disorder | 16.6 (15.5–17.6) | 54.0 | 2.3 | |
| Tobacco use disorder | 17.1 (15.9–18.1) | 49.1 | 1.7 | |
| Tic Disorders | Tic Disorders (total cluster) | 9.2 (6.5–12.2) | 69.5 | 8.1 |
Note: IQR = Interquartile ranges