Table 1.
Baseline characteristics. Data are expressed as mean +/- S.D. (for normal distribution), medians [25th -75th percentiles] or % of the population. Groups were compared with a student’s test or Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric test; qualitative data were compared using chi-squared or Fischer’s test
| Controls (n = 98) |
Diabetics (n = 101) |
p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 74.0 [62.2;79.0] | 72.0 [65.0;78.0] | 0.766 |
| Gender (M/F) | 72/26 | 77/24 | 0.653 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 26.0 [23.0;28.0] | 27.4 [25.0;30.0] | 0.001 |
| Active Smoking | 28 (28.6%) | 24 (23.8%) | 0.440 |
| Hypertension/antihypertensive drugs | 80 (81.6%) | 95 (94.1%) | 0.007 |
| Renal insufficiency | 11 (11.2%) | 12 (11.9%) | 0.885 |
| Diabetic treatment | |||
| No treatment or MHD | 9 (10%) | - | |
| Biguanid | 41 (45%) | - | |
| Sulfonylurea | 12 (13%) | - | |
| Insulin | 16 (17%) | - | |
| DDP-4 inhibitor | 5 (5.4%) | - | |
| other | 4 (4.4%) | ||
| Hypolipidemic treatment | |||
| Statin | 53 (57%) | 58 (63%) | |
| Symptomatic lesions | 38 (38.8%) | 42 (41.6%) | 0.686 |
| Hyperechoic | 29 (29.6%) | 36 (35.6%) | 0.632 |
| Hypoechoic | 18 (18.4%) | 15 (14.9%) | 0.505 |
| NASCET | 75.0 [65.0;85.0] | 80.0[70.0;87.0] | 0.005 |
| Plaque Ulceration | 13 (13.3%) | 15 (14.9%) | 0.748 |
| Calcifications | 0.104 | ||
| 1 | 14 (14.3%) | 17 (16.8%) | |
| 2 | 75 (76.5%) | 65 (64.4%) | |
| 3 | 9 (9.2%) | 19 (18.8%) | |
| HbA1c | 5.74 [5.48;5.97] | 6.79 [6.34;7.48] | <0.001 |
| Creatinine.µmol/L | 74.9 [60.9;89.0] | 71.8 [57.4;85.4] | 0.305 |
| Total cholesterol mmol/L | 3.88 [3.24;4.44] | 3.56 [2.83;4.21] | 0.043 |
| Triglycerides mmol/L | 1.36 [0.94;1.82] | 1.67 [1.14;2.36] | 0.017 |
| LDLc mmol/L | 2.04 [1.49;2.66] | 1.98 [1.46;2.54] | 0.407 |
| HDLc mmol/L | 1.13 (0.34) | 0.96 (0.28) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) (M) | 12.8 [11.6;14.4] | 13.2 [11.2;13.9] | 0.540 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) (F) | 13.1 [11.7;14.4] | 12.3 [10.6;15.2] | 0.582 |
| Erythrocytes (1012/L) (M) | 4.28 [3.86;4.70] | 4.27 [3.68;4.55] | 0.582 |
| Erythrocytes (1012/L) (F) | 4.21 [3.79;4.78] | 4.16 [3.60;4.63] | 0.644 |
| Platelets (109/L) | 220 [181;253] | 229 [188;284] | 0.261 |
| Neutrophils(109/L) | 5.54 [4.52;7.51] | 6.61 [4.83;8.72] | 0.058 |
| Lymphocytes (109/L) | 1.76 [1.34;2.43] | 1.69 [1.23;2.15] | 0.482 |
| Monocytes (109/L) | 0.76 [0.59;0.94] | 0.82 [0.64;0.99] | 0.225 |