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. 2023 Sep 15;21:290. doi: 10.1186/s12957-023-03177-5

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 3 — OS curves in patients after salvage surgery. The patients were stratified by prior drug treatment (TKI or others) and preoperative CEA level (CEA < 5 or ≥ 5 ng/mL). a OS curves stratified by prior drug treatment. The 5-year OS rates are 91% and 44% in the TKI and cytotoxic agents or ICI groups, respectively. There is a significant difference between them (p = 0.01). b OS curves stratified by preoperative CEA level. The 5-year OS rates are 89% and 30% in the CEA < 5 and CEA ≥ 5 ng/mL groups, respectively. There is a significant difference between them (p < 0.001). c OS curves stratified by the two prognosticators of OS (prior drug treatment and preoperative CEA level). The 5-year OS rates are 100% and 49% in the prior TKI therapy plus CEA < 5 ng/mL group and the others, respectively. There is a significant difference between them (p = 0.02). CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; ICI, immune checkpoint inhibitor; OS, overall survival; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor