TABLE 1.
Characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and vanC PCR results of typical and atypical Enterococcus species of VanC phenotypea
| Isolate | Source or reference | Identification | ARG | MOT | PIG | RIBb | VM | TEI | PEN | AM | RIF | CIP | vanC PCRc |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| SS-1229 | ATCC 25788 | E. casseliflavus | + | + | + | + | 4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ≤1 | 1 | 2 |
| SS-938 | ATCC 25789 | E. casseliflavus | + | + | + | + | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | >4 | 2 | 2 |
| SS-1317 | CCM 439 | “E. flavescens”d | +de | + | + | − | 4 | 0.5 | 2 | 0.5 | ≤1 | 1 | 2/3 |
| SS-1318 | CCM 440 | “E. flavescens”d | +d | + | + | − | 8 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ≤1 | ≤0.5 | 2/3 |
| SS-1319 | CCM 441 | “E. flavescens”d | +d | + | + | − | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | ≤1 | ≤0.5 | 2/3 |
| SS-1341 | ATCC 12755 | E. casseliflavus | +d | + | + | + | 4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.25 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| 1112-75 | Blood | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | +d | + | + | +d | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | ≤1 | 2 | 2/3 |
| 1119-75 | Blood | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | − | + | + | +d | 2 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | ≤1 | 2 | 2/3 |
| 1486-76 | Feces | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | +d | + | + | +d | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | ≤1 | 2 | 2/3 |
| 1487-76 | Feces | E. casseliflavus | +d | + | + | + | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | >4 | 1 | 2 |
| 318-83 | Urine | E. casseliflavus | + | + | + | + | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | >4 | 2 | 2 |
| 1516-83 | Wound | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | +d | + | + | +d | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 2/3 |
| 1853-91 | Blood | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | − | + | + | + | 4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | ≤1 | 2 | 2/3 |
| 361-92 | Blood | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | − | + | + | − | 4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | >4 | 2 | 2/3 |
| 1673-93 | Blood | E. casseliflavus | − | − | − | + | 4 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 2 |
| 1703-93 | Blood | E. casseliflavus | − | − | − | + | 4 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| 237-94 | Abscess | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | − | + | + | − | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | ≤1 | 1 | 2/3 |
| 1316-94 | Blood | E. casseliflavus | − | + | + | + | 4 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 4 | 1 | 2 |
| 1319-94 | Blood | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | − | + | + | + | 4 | 0.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 4 | 2 | 2/3 |
| 1320-94 | Blood | E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens | − | + | + | + | 4 | 1 | 4 | 1 | ≤1 | 2 | 2/3 |
| 1325-94 | Unknown | E. casseliflavus | − | + | + | + | 4 | 1 | 1 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 2 |
| SS-1228 | ATCC 49573 | E. gallinarum | + | + | − | + | 8 | 1 | 16 | 4 | 2 | 1 | 1 |
| 1362-91 | CSF | E. gallinarum | − | + | − | + | 4 | 1 | 1 | 1 | ≤1 | 2 | 1 |
| 1475-91 | CSF | E. gallinarum | − | + | − | + | 8 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | ≤1 | 2 | 1 |
| 616-93 | Urine | E. gallinarum | + | − | − | + | 8 | 1 | 4 | 1 | >4 | 8 | 1 |
| 447-94 | Blood | E. gallinarum | − | + | − | + | 4 | ≤0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | ≤1 | 4 | 1 |
| 2628-95 | Unknown | E. gallinarum | +d | − | − | + | 8 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | ≤1 | 1 | 1 |
| 2629-95 | Unknown | E. gallinarum | +d | − | − | + | 8 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | ≤1 | 2 | 1 |
| 2630-95 | Unknown | E. gallinarum | +d | + | − | + | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | >4 | 1 | 1 |
| 2631-95 | Unknown | E. gallinarum | +d | + | − | + | 8 | 1 | 2 | 1 | ≤1 | 2 | 1 |
| Control strains | |||||||||||||
| SS-1273 | ATCC 19433 | E. faecalis | + | − | − | + | ≤0.5 | ≤0.25 | 2 | 0.5 | 4 | 1 | − |
| SS-1274 | ATCC 19434 | E. faecium | + | − | − | + | ≤0.5 | 0.5 | 4 | 1 | >4 | 8 | − |
| VR-42 | 2 | E. gallinarum (vanC-1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 4 | ≤0.5 | 1 | ND | ≤1 | 2 | 1 |
| A256 | 16 | E. faecalis (vanA) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 512 | 128 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 1 | − |
| V583 | 14 | E. faecalis (vanB-1) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 128 | 0.5 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ≤0.5 | − |
ARG, arginine; MOT, motility; PIG, pigment; RIB, ribose; VM, vancomycin; TEI, teicoplanin; PEN, penicillin; AM, ampicillin; RIF, rifampin; CIP, ciprofloxacin; ND, not done; NA, not applicable; +, positive reaction; −, negative reaction.
Results correspond to readings after 1 week of incubation. After observation for 7 days, only five strains remained negative for ribose. After 1 month, all strains were positive.
1, vanC-1 PCR product, or E. gallinarum; 2, vanC-2 product, or E. casseliflavus; and 2/3, vanC-2 and vanC-3 products, or E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens.
This strain was originally described by Pompeii et al. (12) as E. flavescens, but DNA-DNA hybridization results indicated they should be designated E. casseliflavus-E. flavescens. Now known as ATCC 49996, ATCC 49997, and ATCC 49998, respectively.
+d corresponds to a positive reaction and is detected only after at least 48 h of incubation.