Figure 1. . The PEER hypothesis: the hallmarks of aging and the hallmarks of DOHAD overlap at PEERs.

The PEERs have the potential for recovery by interventions by exercise, DR, HPB and pro-longevity drugs such as Rapa.

COMM: Intercellular communication; CONN: Change in connectivity; DOHAD: Developmental origins of adult disease; DR: Dietary restriction; EPIG: Epigenomic alteration; EXHA: Stem cell exhaustion; GENO: Genomic instability; HPB: Heterochronic parabiosis; HYPER: Change in hypertrophy; MITO: Mitochondrial dysfunction; NUTR: Deregulated nutrient sensing; PEER: Pathological Epigenetic event that is reversible; PROT: Loss of proteostasis; Rapa: Rapamycin; SENE: Cellular senescence; SHAPE: Change in cell shape; TELO: Telomere attrition.