Table 1.

Summary of included articles in a review of Creative Approaches to Reflective Learning amongst Medical Students.

REFERENCE	STUDENT NUMBER	STUDY DESIGN	RLMETHOD	ACTIVITY	REPORTED OUTCOMES	CASP OUTCOME
Brand et al. [38]	10 (4 medical students)	Pre-post survey. Focus groups.	Viewing	Reflection on and discussion of photographs of older persons	Challenged assumptions about ageing and improved Geriatrics Attitudes Scale scores	Minor concerns
Brand et al. [39]	128	Pre-post survey. Written reflections.	Viewing	Reflection on and discussion of photographs of older persons	Challenged assumptions about ageing and improved Geriatrics Attitudes Scale scores	No concerns
Centeno et al. [41]	20	Post survey. Focus groups.	Viewing	Reflection on museum art works	Improved understanding of decision making and individualized care plans	Minor concerns
De la Croix et al. [40]	Not stated	Post survey. Written reflections.	Performing	Learning pre-performative theatre skills	Improved communication, confidence, and provided space for balance, reflection, and understanding	Minor concerns
Gowda et al. [42]	44	Pre-post survey. Focus groups. Written evaluation.	Viewing	Viewing and discussing museum art works	Improved observational skills, awareness of multiple perspectives, a place for restoration and connection with peers	No concerns
Green [43]	42	Pre-post survey.	Viewing	Creating and reading graphic novels	Cultivated a culture of sharing and reflecting upon experiences	Minor concerns
Hayes et al. [44]	10	Reflective diary	Performing	Learning and delivering devised theatre	Developed emotional honesty with peers	Minor concerns
Hoffman et al. [45]	18	End of course evaluation	Performing	Learning improvisational theatre	Improved active listening and appreciation of the perspectives of others	Minor concerns
Neel et al. [46]	21	Pre-post survey	Performing	Learning improvisational theatre	Improved proactivity, wellbeing, and communication	Moderate concerns
Osman et al. [47]	42	Written reflections	Imagining	Prioritizing end of life decisions	Developed recognition of differing priorities and highlighted the importance of personalized care	Moderate concerns
Pacala et al. [48]	477	End of course evaluation	Imagining	Role playing the ageing process	Improved attitudes towards aging and understanding of older adults’ experiences and perspectives	Minor concerns
Potash et al. [49]	20	Pre-post survey	Creating	Art making (poem and artwork)	Increased emotional awareness and self-understanding	Minor concerns
Sandars et al. [50]	12	Focus group	Creating	Creating digital storytelling videos	Encouraged deeper reflection	Minor concerns
Saunders et al. [51]	82	Open-ended reflection questions	Mind-body	Mind-body skills course	Built connections with peers, increased self-awareness, and changed attitudes towards medical school	Minor concerns
Shapiro et al. [52]	25	Group interview. Written feedback.	Viewing	Viewing and discussing art or dance	Increased awareness of emotional responses in self and others and helped students see more depth in patients	Minor concerns

Abbreviations: CASP = Critical Appraisal Skills Programme; RL = Reflective Learning.