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. 2023 Jul 7;19(2):360–368. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.379018

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Signaling pathways mediated by mGluRs.

Schematic depiction of the synaptic localization of mGluRs and their signaling cascades. Relevant signaling pathways involve mainly MAPK, PI3K, Akt, PLC, IP3, mTOR, and ERK. A continuous line represents a physical interaction between elements, and the direction of signal conduction is indicated by arrows. Reduced activity is represented by dashed lines. Created with Adobe Illustrator (version 27.5). AMP: Adenosine monophosphate; ERK: extracellular signal-regulated kinase; GLUT: glucose transporters; IP3: inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; mGluRs: metabotropic glutamate receptors; mTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin; NMDA: N-methyl-D-aspartatic acid; PI3K: phosphoinositide 3-kinase; PIKE: PI 3-kinase enhancer; PLC: phospholipase C.