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. 2023 Jul 7;19(2):282–288. doi: 10.4103/1673-5374.379036

Table 1.

Exosomal protein as biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders

Diseases Exosome sources Biomarkers References
AD Plasma, CSF Aβ42, pT181-tau, pS396-tau, total-tau Tapiola et al., 2009; Goetzl et al., 2016; Xiao et al., 2017; Muraoka et al., 2020
PD Blood, CSF α-syn, DJ-1 Shi et al., 2014; Zhao et al., 2018
HD CSF mHTT, Nf1, NSE Ciancarelli et al., 2014; Wild et al., 2015; Byrne et al., 2017
ALS Plasma, CSF, serum TDP-43, Nfl, p-Nfh, SOD1 Kasai et al., 2009; Noto et al., 2011; Boylan et al., 2013

AD: Alzheimer’s disease; ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Aβ42: amyloid-beta 42; CSF: cerebrospinal fluid; HD: Huntington’s disease; mHTT: mutant huntingtin protein; NfL: neurofilament light chain; PD: Parkinson’s disease; p-NfH: phosphorylated neurofilament heavy chain; pS396-Tau: Tau phosphorylated at S396; pT181-Tau: Tau phosphorylated at T181; SOD1: superoxide dismutase 1; TDP-43: transactive response DNA-bindingprotein 43 kDa; α-syn: α-synuclein.