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. 2023 Aug 16;42(38):2783–2800. doi: 10.1038/s41388-023-02780-w

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — CircRNAs can work as multifunctional devices serving as transcription regulators of their parental genes (1), as microRNA sponges affecting genes post-transcriptionally (2), or as translated short peptides/proteins (3). Additionally, circRNAs can affect the stability of other RNA molecules (mRNAs or lncRNAs) (4), accumulate inside of exosomes and mediate cellular response (5), engage with RBPs and acting as either decoy (6), or scaffold molecules (7), as well as directing RBP cellular localization (8). Adapted from “DNA vs mRNA Transfection”, by BioRender.com (2022). Retrieved from https://app.biorender.com/biorender-templates.