Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of trial participants across obesity categoriesa
| Characteristic | BMI <35 kg m−2 (n = 180) | BMI 35–<40 kg m−2 (n = 171) | BMI ≥40 kg m−2 (n = 178) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female, n (%) | 91 (50.6) | 88 (51.5) | 118 (66.3) | 0.0027 |
| Age, years | 72 (64, 78) | 70 (63, 74) | 67 (60, 73) | <0.0001 |
| Ethnicity, n (%)b | 0.8115 | |||
| Hispanic or Latino | 13 (7.2) | 9 (5.3) | 14 (7.9) | |
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 167 (92.8) | 162 (94.7) | 164 (92.1) | |
| Race, n (%)b | 0.1237 | |||
| Black/African American | 10 (5.6) | 2 (1.2) | 9 (5.1) | |
| White | 170 (94.4) | 169 (98.8) | 168 (94.4) | |
| Other | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | |
| Body weight, kg | 91.6 (84.1, 100.2) | 105.8 (93.7, 117.5) | 123.1 (110.0, 137.7) | <0.0001 |
| BMI, kg m−2c | 32.6 (31.3, 33.8) | 37.1 (36.1, 38.4) | 43.5 (41.3, 47.6) | d |
| Waist circumference, cm | 110.0 (105.0, 116.8) | 120.0 (113.0, 127.0) | 129.0 (121.0, 141.0) | <0.0001 |
| SBP, mmHg | 132.0 (120.0, 141.5) | 135.0 (122.0, 148.0) | 132.0 (121.0, 140.0) | 0.5912 |
| NT-proBNP, pg ml−1 | 531.1 (278.7, 1083.8) | 449.9 (205.5, 1058.8) | 385.2 (181.0, 926.9) | 0.0201 |
| LVEF, % | 56.0 (50.0, 60.0) | 57.0 (50.0, 60.0) | 58.0 (54.0, 61.0) | 0.0206 |
| LVEF stratification, n (%) | 0.0928 | |||
| 45–49%e | 33 (18.3) | 31 (18.1) | 21 (11.8) | |
| ≥50% | 147 (81.7) | 140 (81.9) | 157 (88.2) | |
| KCCQ-CSS score | 61.7 (46.9, 76.0) | 60.9 (46.9, 72.9) | 51.6 (34.9–65.6) | <0.0001 |
| 6MWD, m | 351.0 (260.5, 402.5) | 340.0 (261.3, 400.0) | 272.0 (207.6, 347.8) | <0.0001 |
| CRP, mg L−1 | 2.6 (1.5, 5.9) | 3.8 (2.0, 7.4) | 5.2 (2.8, 10.2) | <0.0001 |
| HF hospitalization within 1 year, n (%) | 32 (17.8) | 20 (11.7) | 29 (16.3) | 0.6926 |
| Comorbidities at screening, n (%) | ||||
| Atrial fibrillation | 97 (53.9) | 88 (51.5) | 90 (50.6) | 0.5283 |
| Hypertension | 143 (79.4) | 141 (82.5) | 149 (83.7) | 0.2950 |
| Coronary heart disease | 80 (44.4) | 51 (29.8) | 49 (27.5) | 0.0007 |
| Obstructive sleep apnea | 24 (13.3) | 15 (8.8) | 27 (15.2) | 0.6033 |
| NYHA functional class, n (%) | 0.0001 | |||
| Class II | 136 (75.6) | 119 (69.6) | 95 (53.4) | |
| Class III | 44 (24.4) | 51 (29.8) | 83 (46.6) | |
| Class IV | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Concomitant medications, n (%) | ||||
| Diuretics | 143 (79.4) | 137 (80.1) | 147 (82.6) | 0.4520 |
| Loop diuretics | 109 (60.6) | 95 (55.6) | 125 (70.2) | 0.0602 |
| Loop diuretic dose (mg)f | 40 (20, 40) | 40 (20, 40) | 40 (40, 80) | 0.0002 |
| Thiazides | 33 (18.3) | 31 (18.1) | 26 (14.6) | 0.3489 |
| MRAs | 56 (31.1) | 58 (33.9) | 70 (39.3) | 0.1029 |
| ACE/ARB (ARNI) | 129 (71.7) | 132 (77.2) | 136 (76.4) | 0.2992 |
| ARNI | 11 (6.1) | 9 (5.3) | 7 (3.9) | 0.3492 |
| Beta-blockers | 150 (83.3) | 132 (77.2) | 136 (76.4) | 0.1070 |
| SGLT2i | 10 (5.6) | 7 (4.1) | 2 (1.1) | 0.0243 |
Percentages may not equal 100% due to rounding.
Two-sided P values for continuous variables are from a Jonckheere–Terpstra trend test, for binary variables from a Cochran–Armitage trend test and for multinomial variables from a Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel test.
aData are median (Q1, Q3) unless otherwise stated and are from the full analysis set.
bRace and ethnic group were reported by the investigator.
cBMI is the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters.
dNot relevant.
eIncludes one participant with LVEF of 33%.
fReported in furosemide equivalents per day.
ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; Q, quartile; SGLT2i, sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 inhibitor.