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. 2023 Aug 10;29(9):2248–2258. doi: 10.1038/s41591-023-02495-1

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© The Author(s) 2023

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Extended Data Fig. 2 — Longitudinal predictors of cognition and functional ability. Predictors of each wave of cognition (MMSE scores, panel A) and functional ability (Barthel scores, panel B) are shown for the LA-UMIC (Costa Rica) and the Asian UMIC (China). All panels demonstrated the significance of the predictors assessed in the initial wave for the outcomes evaluated in each wave (wave 1 and wave 2). The risk factors were grouped into fivefold categories: demographics, social determinants of health, lifestyle, health status, mental health symptoms, and country. The features were ordered from most to least influential in the regression. The feature importance is represented by the radius of the circles and accentuated by the intensity of the color.