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. 2023 Apr 1;33(7):3059–3065. doi: 10.1007/s00590-023-03538-6

Table 3.

Radiation dose experienced during foot and hand surgery

Staff member Distance from source [m] Foot Hand
Dose rate (mSv/h) Dose rate with lead apron (mSv/h) Cases per year to reach 1 mSv*
No lead apron
Cases per year to reach 1 mSv*
With lead apron
Distance from source [m] Dose rate (mSv/h) Dose rate with lead apron (mSv/h) Cases per year to reach 1 mSv*
No lead apron
Cases per year to reach 1 mSv*
With lead apron
Surgeon 0.5 0.0462 0.0002 5033  > 10,000 0.5 0.0444 0.0002 5234  > 10,000
Surgical assistant 0.7 0.0141 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000 0.7 0.0234 0.0001 9913  > 10,000
Anaesthetist 2.2 0.0006  < 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000 1.5 0.0036  < 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000
Anaesthetic nurse 2.2 0.0005  < 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000 1.2 0.0055  < 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000
Instrument nurse (Scrub) 1.2 0.0040  < 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000 1.5 0.0047  < 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000
Circulating nurse (Scout) 1.2 0.0050  < 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000 1.7 0.0040  < 0.0001  > 10,000  > 10,000