Table 4.

Description of materials used for C-ES classified into natural and synthetic polymers

Polymer	Material	Research portfolio	Advantages	Disadvantages	References
Natural polymer	Collagen	Collagen/PEO solution	Highly biocompatible and biodegradable Relative nonimmunogenicity	Poor mechanical strength Expensive	[29,54,55]
	GEL	Not mentioned	Biocompatible and biodegradable Relatively low cost	Poor mechanical strength	[29,56]
	SA	SA/PEO/lecithin solution SA/PEO solution	Biocompatible and biodegradable Sufficient cross-linking capacity Relatively low cost Non-toxic	Poor mechanical strength without crosslinking Low biological characteristics	[16,26,53,57]
Synthetic polymer	PDMS	PDMS	Non-toxic Inertia Viscoelasticity is uniform and isotropic High solubility and biodegradability	Lack of biological function clues	[10,58,59]
	PVA	PVA	Relatively low cost Durable High temperature stability	Lack of biological function clues	[15,36]
	PLLA	PLLA	Good biodegradability Good biocompatibility	Lack of biological function clues	[60]
	PEO	Collagen/PEO solution SA/PEO/lecithin solution SA/PEO solution	Good biodegradability Good biocompatibility	Lack of biological function clues	[16,26,53,57,61]

C-ES cell electrospinning, PEO polyethylene oxide, SA sodium alginate, PDMS polydimethylsiloxane, PVA polyvinyl alcohol, PLLA poly(L-lactic acid), GEL gelatin