Table 6.

Effect of cells, solutions and range of electric fields used in C-ES studies on cytoactivity

Cell types	Solution	Solvent	Electrospinning method	Electric field	Cytoactivity	References
Osteoblast (MG63) cells	SA/PEO/lecithin	PBS	Blend electrospinning	0.16 kV/mm	>80%	[26]
Primary cardiomyocytes	Matrigel-rich collagen biopolymer	Not mentioned	Blend electrospinning	0.47–0.67 kV/mm	>80%	[43]
C2C12 myoblast cells	SA/PEO	Distilled water	Blend electrospinning	0.075 kV/mm	>90%	[16]
C2C12   myoblast cells	Fibrin/PEO	Deionized water	Blend electrospinning	0.056 kV/mm	Not mentioned	[61]
Primary porcine vascular SMCs and RASMCs	PDMS	Not mentioned	Coaxial electrospinning (inner cell suspension and outer polymer solution)	Not mentioned	Rabbit aorta smooth-muscle cells 88.44%–89.57% Primary porcine vascular cells 89.99%–95.14%	[58,59]
PC-12 cells	PLLA	Not mentioned	Coaxial electrospinning (inner cell suspension and outer polymer solution)	Not mentioned	Not mentioned	[109] [60]
Human astrocytes (1321 N1)	PDMS	Not mentioned	Coaxial electrospinning (inner cell suspension and outer polymer solution)	0.09 kV/mm	65–75%	[10,109]
Neuroblastoma (N2A) cells	Matrigel with high concentration of laminin	Not mentioned	Coaxial electrospinning (inner cell suspension and outer polymer solution)	0.05–0.25 kV/mm	>80%	[110]
ASCs	PVA	Distilled water	Blend electrospinning	0.08 kV/mm	133%	[15]
BMSCs in rats	PVA	PBS	Blend electrospinning	0.075 kV/mm	>90%	[36]
SMCs	SA/PEO	Tridistilled water	Blend electrospinning	0.075 kV/mm	>90%	[53]
HUVECs	SA/PEO	Tridistilled water	Blend electrospinning	0.075 kV/mm	>90%	[57]
RASMCs	PDMS or PEO	Not mentioned	Coaxial electrospinning	Not mentioned	>70%	[58]

PEO polyethylene oxide, SA sodium alginate, PDMS polydimethylsiloxane, PVA polyvinyl alcohol, PLLA poly(L-lactic acid), SMCs smooth muscle cells, ASCs adipose stem cells, BMSCs bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, HUVECs human umbilical vein endothelial cells, RASMCs rabbit aorta smooth muscle cells, C2C12s mouse myoblasts