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. 2023 Sep 15;13:15285. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-42610-3

Figure 11.

Figure 11

Impedance complex plane plots in the temperature range of 343–423 K for (a) NECTO-950, (b) NSCTO-950 and (c) NSCTO-975 ceramics; (d) Arrhenius plots of ac conductivity (σAC) for these three samples. Red solid lines are the linear fitting curves. Equivalent circuit indicated in frame (b) is used to represent the electrical properties of grain, grain boundary and surface effects.